rate very fully the different species from which each variety is obtained. “ Summee species duag, sicca et 
liquida. Sicca € pinu et picea : liquida e terebintho, larice, lentisco, cupresso.” This enumeration accords 
very nearly with that of Toeniae ; by giving two ounces at a time, and repeating it in ounce doses if neces- 
sary ; purging is generally produced, and the worm is usually evacuated lifeless. Its operation on the 
bowels, says Dr. Murray, as a cathartic in these large quantities, seems to prevent its absorption, and 
therefore obviates its action on the organs ; and it has been stated in conformity to this, that the action, 
giving rise to strangury, is more likely to happen from small than large doses. Analogy leads to the em- 
ployment of the same remedy, for the expulsion of other worms, and in some cases lumbrici have been 
expelled. It has also been employed under the form of enema, half an ounce being diffused in mucilage, or 
in water, by the medium of the yolk of an egg. The nauseating effect on the stomach is thus avoided, but 
this mode is frequently productive of pain. 
Externally it is also employed as a rubefacient ; and, what is very curious, if applied to the skin of a 
horse, dog, cat, and some other animals, it acts like scalding water, blisters the skin, and produces intense 
pain. 
Its most important use, however, as a topical application is, as a remedy for extensive burns and scalds, 
when recently inflicted. Dr. Kentish, of Newcastle, appears to have been the first to introduce the oil of 
turpentine ; and has published several cases, in which it was employed with the most beneficial effect. In 
applying this remedy, the great object is to avoid the cooling process of evaporation, and we are directed to 
proceed in the following manner ; the injured parts are to be bathed two or three times over with the oil, 
or with spirits of wine, which answers the same purpose, heated by standing in hot water. After this a 
liniment, composed of the unguentum resinse, softened with oil of turpentine, (Linimentum terebinthince,) is 
to be spread on soft cloth, and applied. This liniment is to be renewed only once in twenty-four hours, 
and, at the second dressing, the parts are to be washed with proof spirits. When the secretion of pus 
takes place, milder applications must be had recourse to, till the cure is effected. During the use of the 
turpentine it is of the utmost importance that the injured surface should be left uncovered as little as 
possible ; it is therefore recommended to let the fresh plasters be quite ready before the old ones are re- 
moved, and then only to take off one piece at a time. When the inflammatory action has somewhat abated, 
the exciting means should also be diminished, and warm proof spirits or laudanum, may be substituted for 
the oil, and the unguentum resinse flavee is to be mixed with oleum camphoratum instead of turpentine. If 
this should be found too irritating, Dr. Kentish recommends ceratum plumbi acetatis, or the common 
calamine cerate. When this mode of treatment is adopted, aether or alcohol, and other stimulants, with 
opium, are to be immediately given in proportion to the degree of injury, and repeated as circumstances may 
require. In slight burns, in which the action of the part only is increased, he has not found any thing 
better for the first application than the heated oleum terebinthince and ceratum resinae thinned with the 
same. 
“ Oil of Turpentine. — This very common liquid,” says Dr. Taylor, [on Poisons, p. 528,] “ which is 
so easily identified by its powerful odour, does not appear to exert any strong action as an irritant poison. 
It is often given with impunity in large doses to young children as a vermifuge. In the following case, re- 
ported by Dr. Evans, an infant, aet. fourteen months, swallowed four ounces by mistake, and recovered. The 
child was found two hours after the occurrence in a comatose state, pulse 130, tunica conjunctiva injected, 
pupils dilated, eyes watery, face flushed, breathing hurried— strangury, bowels painful, particularly along the 
course of the spermatic vessels. Ke was ordered an emetic of ipecacuanha. Vomiting was soon excited, 
and briskly kept up by tepid water. The contents of the stomach had a strong odour of turpentine. After 
the operation of the emetic, cold was applied to the head, and flannel cloths wrung out of hot water, to the 
epigastrium. At 6 p.m., ten hours after the accident, he was much improved, was quite lively, pulse 120; 
had passed eight small worms. On the following day he was decidedly better, slept well during the night ; 
slight pain in the bowels on pressure. Castor-oil was given. From this time he improved daily, suffering 
only from a little excitement about the brain, and in four or five days he had perfectly recovered. (Brit. 
Amer. Journ. of Med. and Phys. Science, Nov. 1846.) The treatment contributed to recovery in this case. 
When this poison has been swallowed, it will be indicated by the odour of the breath. 
“ Although I believe there is no case on record of the destruction of life by oil of turpentine, it may 
excite a violent irritating action on the kidneys, tending to strangury. It may also cause hypercatharsis. 
The oil can hardly be called a poison, yet it may in some instances seriously affect the constitution. 
“ Analysis. — Oil of Turpentine would be sufficiently identified bv its odour and inflammability. The 
fact of poisoning by it would be indicated by the odour in the breath, &c. 
“ Another kind of turpentine, the Balsam of Copaiba, has been known to cause serious symptoms. 
Half an ounce was administered to an adult as an enema. This was soon followed by pain in the stomach, 
vomiting, and general uneasiness. The man had convulsions, and for three days he was unable to speak. 
He slowly recovered. (Brit, and For. Med. Rev. xvii. Jan. 1840, 268.)” 
