Carolina Madtom 
59 
Fig. 1. Noturus furiosus, 67 mm SL, Tar River, 5.5 airmiles NE Franklinton, 
Franklin County, North Carolina, 17 October 1984 (NCSM 1 1089). Drawing by 
Renaldo Kuhler. 
previous sites of occurrence was performed using seines, 25-cm aquarium 
nets, and snorkeling gear. 
Field Surveys. A total of 66 visits to 16 sites within the Neuse River 
drainage and 15 sites within the Tar River drainage were made with the 
specific purpose of trying to locate extant populations of N. furiosus. 
Little River, near Goldsboro, Wayne County, was visited almost monthly 
during fall and spring, 1983 and 1984, to obtain baseline data on habitat 
and life history. Unfortunately, extremely high water during several 
months prevented field work. 
Other information in this report has been obtained from museum 
specimens in a number of research collections (see MATERIALS). 
Geochronographic Figures. These figures, modified after Cashner 
and Jenkins (1982), are maps showing locations, years, numbers of 
collections, and results of collections in the Neuse and Tar rivers. 
Locality data for all records are given under MATERIALS. 
Reproductive Parameters. Specimens were sexed by examination of 
gonads. GSI refers to the gonadosomatic index, calculated by total 
weight of both ovaries or testes divided by eviscerated (= adjusted) body 
weight X 1000. Weights of gonads and bodies were determined after 
blotting, to the nearest 0.01 g, with a Mettler analytic balance. 
Numbers of ova were determined by direct count from both ovaries. 
Ova diameters were measured with dial calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. 
Ten randomly selected ova from each female were measured. 
Nesting. Collecting sites were searched for potential nest sites (i.e., 
cans, bottles, mussel shells, boards, flat rocks, logs). Potential nest sites 
were surrounded by a net, removed from the stream, and examined for 
guardian adults, embryos, and larvae. If a nest was found, the parent(s) 
