Carolina Madtom 
75 
Fig. 6. Genital papillae of Noturus furiosus. (A) 82-mm SL nonbreeding male, 
19 September 1959, Tar River, Edgecombe-Nash counties (USNM 191057). (B) 
79-mm SL breeding male, 20 May 1985, Little River, Wayne County (SIUC 
1 1683). (C) 55-mm SL nonbreeding male, same as A. (D) 73-mm SL breeding 
female, same as B. Left is anterior. 25X. Drawing by Karen L. Fiorino. 
Sex Ratio. There was no significant deviation from a 1:1 sex ratio 
in the total sample from North Carolina (126 males: 1 14 females), nor in 
any of the monthly samples containing more than 10 individuals. In a 
preliminary review, skewed sex ratios in other species of Noturus 
(Mayden and Burr 1981) were thought to result from sampling bias, 
particularly in older age classes. 
Nesting. As judged from females with mature ova and males in 
reproductive condition, the nesting season of N. furiosus extends from 
about mid-May to the third week of July (Tables 1 and 2). The first 
evidence of nesting N. furiosus was the discovery of a reproductively 
