Kings Mountain Milliped Fauna 
5 
varies from thick black peaty humus in forested areas, to exposed red 
clays and yellow silts on eroded downslopes, to glittering micaquartzite 
sand along stream banks and on summits. Xeric scrub forests similiar to 
those found in the Blue Ridge characterize these summits, and hardwood 
forests, remnants of the previous oak-hickory and beech-maple climaxes, 
distinguish relatively undisturbed regions on surrounding lower slopes. 
In clear-cut or burned areas, dense stands of Virginia pine, Pinus 
virginiana, and shortleaf pine, P. echinata, dominate to the exclusion of 
other species. Various pine-hardwood mixtures occur in disturbed areas 
throughout the Kings Mountain region (Burney 1974). 
MATERIALS AND METHODS 
Millipeds were sampled in July and October 1976, and April 1977, to 
investigate seasonal variation in faunal composition. Collecting was done 
primarily in the contiguous ridge area around Kings and Crowders out- 
crops, but four sites around Spencer Mountain also were sampled for 
comparison. The South Carolina state line was selected as the southern 
boundary, and collecting limits were set in other directions using 
topographical and county road maps. Collecting sites, chosen to provide 
a maximum diversity of habitats, included pine, mixed pine-hardwood, 
and deciduous forests; banks of streams and ponds; seepage areas; bor- 
ders of flat meadows; gradual slopes and steep hill terrains; bases, slopes, 
and summits of outcrops; and trash dumps. Climatic conditions varied 
from hot and dry in July to cool and damp in October and April. 
Twenty-five sites were examined during the first trip (July). Five of 
these yielded few millipeds because of scant leaf litter, so only the twenty 
remaining sites were routinely sampled on all trips. Several new prospec- 
tive sites were visited during each ensuing trip. Specimens were collected 
from beneath leaf litter, bark of decaying logs, and large rocks, and 
preserved in 70% isopropanol. Pine, hardwood, and mixed pine-hard- 
wood litter samples were collected for extraction with Berlese funnels. 
Notes on color, behavior, and habitat were recorded at each site. 
Measurements of length and width in mm were taken with verniei 
calipers. Drawings of most gonopods and all other structures were 
prepared with the aid of a grid reticle with 0.5 mm squares, but a camera 
lucida was used for the smallest gonopods, which were mounted tem- 
porarily in glycerine jelly and examined with a compound microscope. 
All other structures were examined using a stereomicroscope, with the 
specimens immersed in 70% isopropanol and stabilized by cotton. More 
than 1000 specimens were examined, some of which were collected in 
preliminary studies. All specimens are deposited in the invertebrate 
collection of the North Carolina State Museum of Natural History 
(NCSM), the invertebrate catalogue numbers of which are indicated in 
parentheses with appropriate citations. A single pertinent specimen was 
found in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History 
(AMNH). 
In the species accounts and legends, CR means country road. 
