28 NATURAL HISTORY. [EAST. ZOOL. 
South America ; hook-billed shrike of Madagascar ; and the Hot- 
niqua shrike of Africa, &c. 
Cases 62 — 73. The Conirostral Birds. 
These feed chiefly on grain and fruit. They form several families : viz. 
Cases 62, 63. The Crows, which are divided into the follow- 
ing divisions : the Phony gamincE, which inhabit Australia, New Guinea, 
&c., where they pursue small birds, and are very noisy and clamorous; 
as the piping roller, noisy roller of Australia ; the jays, which generally 
live in forests of various parts of the world, as the jay of Europe and 
Great Britain ; blue jay and cinereous jay of North America, Sec. The 
true Crows, which are inhabitants of various parts of the world, and are 
generally seen on the ground, searching for carrion, worms, &c., as the 
raven, carrion crow, rook, hooded crow, and jackdaw of Europe and 
Great Britain, &c. 
Case 63. The Callceatince are inhabitants of Africa, Asia, and 
Australia; as the changeable crow of Africa, rufous crow of India, 
'cinereous wattle bird of New Zealand, Sec. 
Case 64. The Gymnoderince are very singular birds of South 
America ; they feed on fruits ; as the bare-necked grakle, fetid grakle, 
&c. The Choughs are found in the elevated mountains of the Old 
World, and prey on insects and berries ; as the red-legged crow and 
Alpine crow. These are occasionally found in Great Britain, Sec. The 
Birds of Paradise are natives of New Guinea ; their habits are perfectly 
those of the crow, as the greater paradise bird, king paradise bird, 
magnificent paradise bird, &c. 
Case 65. The Shining Thrushes are found in Africa, Asia, and Aus- 
tralia, and they feed on fruits and insects ; as the satin bower bird : 
these birds form artificial arbours of twigs, which they decorate with 
shells, bones, stones, and other articles, and through which they run in 
playful chase after each other ; also the splendid thrush, brilliant thrush, 
&c., of Africa and India. The Grakles live in troops in the islands of 
the Indian Archipelago, searching for insects and fruits among the 
banana ; as the minor grakle and bald grakle. The beef-eaters are in- 
habitants of Africa, where they live on the larvae of a parasitical insect 
which they compress out of the skin of the rhinoceros by means of their 
bill ; as the African beef-eater. 
Case 66. The Starlings are found in both hemispheres, and they 
feed on the larvae which attack cattle ; they fly in large and crowded 
flocks ; as the rose-coloured thrush of Europe, occasionally found 
in Great Britain ; and Malabar grakle, pagoda grakle of India, &c.; 
cockscomb grakle of South Africa ; common stare of Europe and 
Great Britain; Sardinian stare of Europe, &c., and the Louisiana 
stare of North America, &c. The Quiscalince inhabit New Guinea, 
but especially North and South America; as the gorget paradise 
Vbird of New Guinea, purple grakle and boat-tailed grakle of South 
America, &c. 
Case 67. The Icteric Orioles are also peculiar to America, and 
live in flocks, feeding on grain and insects ; as the black and yellow 
oriole, crested oriole, icteric oriole, and banana oriole, &c. The Age- 
laince , like the preceding series, are also found in North and South Ame- 
