GALLERY.] 
NATURAL HISTORY. (Fossils.) 
81 
stance very perfect specimens will be found in this glass Case,.-- Chlo- 
ride of copper or atacamite , in crystallized splendid groups, chiefly from 
Remolinos, Solidad and Veta negra della Pampa larga, in Chili ;—what 
was originally termed Peruvian greensand , or atacamite , (being obtained 
from the desert of Atacama between Chili and Peru,) is now known to 
be artificially produced by pounding the crystallized and laminar va- 
rieties for the purpose of using the sand (aremlla) in lieu of blotting 
paper. — Chloride of silver, called also horn-silver and corneous silver : 
amorphous, botryoi'dal, in laminee, and crystallized in minute cubes and 
octahedrons, from Veta Negra in Chili, the Saxon Erzgebirge, &c.— 
Chloride of mercury , or horn- quicksilver, with native mercury trom 
Moschel- Landsberg, Almaden, &c. , . . 
Cases 60 and 60 A contain a small collection of orgamco-chemical, 
or such mineralized substances as are composed after the manner o 
organic bodies, from which they derive their origin. They are divide 
into salts, resins, bitumen, and coal. To the salts belong-the mellate 
of alumina, also called mellite or honey -stone, found in the beds ot brown 
coal at Artern in Thuringia ; and the oxalate of iron, formerly known by 
the name of resinous iron, but to which that of humboldtite or oxahte is 
now generally given.— With these is also placed the struvite, a recently 
formed phosphate of magnesia and ammonia, discovered m innumera- 
ble crystals on laving the foundation of St. Nicholas’s church, at Ham* 
buro-, in 1845.— to the resins are referred— the amber, of the varieties ot 
which a considerable suite is deposited, many of them inclosing insects, 
&c.; to which, for the sake of comparison, are added, specimens ot re- 
cent copal, likewise containing insects fossil copal or Highgate resin ; 
—retinite or retinasphalt, found at Bovey ; together with some other re- 
lated resinous substances ; — the idrialite, to which the bituminous cin- 
nabar or brand-ertz is partly referable. To the bitumma belong the 
varieties of mineral pitch of all degrees of consistence, from the nui 
naphtha and mineral oil or petroleum, to the solid and hard asphalt and 
jet or pitch coal;— the elaterite or elastic bitumen of Derbyshire (a suite 
of specimens exhibiting all degrees of solidity, from that of hmrny to 
that of a compact ligneous substance). With these is also placed the 
dapeche, an inflammable fossil substance found by Humboldt in South 
America, having several properties of the common caoutchouc or Indian 
rubber ;— the hatchettine, a bituminous substance from Merthyr Tydvil m 
South Wales; the scheererite ; the hartite, and the ixolyte ot Haidinger, 
&c. — Coal : black coal, and brown coal — -of these a few specimens only 
are deposited, their different varieties being rather objects for a geolo- 
gical collection. 
FOSSILS. 
Room I. 
The collections of Organic Remains begin, in Room I. with that of 
the Fossil Vegetables, at present deposited chiefly in the Wail Cases of 
the S. and W. sides of the room. A systematic botanical arrangement 
has been adopted, so far as the limited space and the as yet doubtful 
nature of many of those fossil remains admitted of it. 
E 3 
