SIWALIK AND NARBADA EQUIDA1. 
3—69 
In 1865 the late Professor H. yon Meyer 1 in describing some upper molars of a 
hippothere collected by the Messrs. Schlagintweit in the Siwaliks of Nurpur and 
Kiishalghar, came to the conclusion that Hippotherium antilopinum of Falconer 
and Cautley could not be distinguished from the European II. gracile, or E. primi- 
genius, as it is called by von Meyer. 
In 1870, in the presidential address to the Geological Society of London, 3 Pro- 
fessor Huxley remarked that traces of the e larmial ’ cavities of the skulls of the 
hippotlieres were to be detected in the skulls of some of the Siwalik horses. 
In 1873 Professor Gaudry 3 mentioned that certain fossil equine teeth from 
China, in the British Museum, seemed to be identical with those of the Indian 
hippotheres. In the same memoir 4 that writer came to the conclusion, from the 
examination of certain Siwalik limb-bones in the British Museum, figured in the 
“ Eauna Antiqua Sivalensis ” as belonging to Hippotlierium antilopinum , that the 
feet of that species were unprovided with lateral digits. M. Gaudry concludes 
his notice by deprecating the assignation of the species in question, on these 
grounds alone, to a distinct genus. It will be manifest that this conclusion of 
M. Gaudry rests entirely on the correct determination of the bones in the British 
Museum assigned to H. antilopinum. Some further remarks on this subject will 
be made in the sequel. 
In 1877 certain teeth of the upper molar series of an equine animal from the 
Siwaliks were described by myself, 5 under the name of Sivalhippus theobaldi. In 
the same notice it was also mentioned that certain specimens in the Indian 
Museum seemed to indicate the existence of two Siwalik species of the genus 
Equus , and two of the genus Hippotlierium. Later on in the same year 6 it was 
shown that the so-called Sivalhippus was probably the same as the second species of 
Hippotlierium, which was accordingly termed Hippotlierium theobaldi. 
In the course of this memoir it will be shown that the second species of 
Siwalik horse seems to be, in all probability, the same as the pleistocene Equus 
namadicus of Falconer and Cautley, thus affording another instance of the connec- 
tion of the faunas of the topmost Siwaliks and the Narbada beds. 
As the fragment of a lower jaw of an equine animal from the Ira wadi and the 
specimens from Tibet noticed above cannot be, even generically, determined, the 
known species of fossil Indian equines comprehend two species of Hippotlierium 
and two of Equus. 
List of species of Hippotherium and Eqtjtjs. — Since all the remains of fossil 
horses hitherto discovered in India may be referred to the two genera Hippo- 
1 “ Palaontographica,” Vol. XV, p. 17. I have elsewhere stated that von Meyer added H. gracile to the Siwalik 
fauna, not at first having understood that he intended to group all the Indian remains of that genus under the same 
name. 
2 ‘ P. G. S.,’ 1870, p. 1. 
3 “ Animaux Fossiles du Mont Leberon,” p. 32. 
4 Ibid., p. 40. 
5 ‘Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.,’ Vol. X, p. 31. 
6 Ibid., p. 82. 
