SIWALIK CAMELOPARD ALIDiE. 
3-101 
Genera of Camelopardalidce. — The family Camelopardalidce, as thus extended, 
will include the following seven genera, which are placed, as far as this can be 
determined from the materials available, in the order of their relationship to one 
another, indicating a gradual diminution in the length of the limbs and of the neck 
from the giraffe to the sivathere : — 
Camelopardalis, Linne. — India, Africa, and Europe. 
Orasius, Wagner. — Europe. 
V ishnutherium, LjAekker. — India. 
Helladotherium, Gaudiy.— Europe and India. 
Hydaspitherium, Lydekker. — India. 
Bramatherium, Falconer. — India. 
Sivatherium, Falc. and Caut. — India. 
In this list Orasius is placed next to Camelopardalis solely on the evidence of 
its molar teeth, its limbs and skull being still unknown ; its position may, therefore, 
have to he changed. The place of Vishnutherium is decided from the evidence of 
limb-bones provisionally assigned to it. Helladotherium, of which almost the 
entire skeleton is known, is placed above Hydaspitherium , because the hornless 
cranium allies it more nearly with the giraffe than with the sivathere ; its limbs, how- 
ever, seem to have been shorter than those of the latter genus, from which evidence 
it should he placed nearer the sivathere. This discrepancy shows that a strictly 
iineal arrangement of the genera is impracticable. The three last genera are associ- 
ated on account of the complex structure of their horns ; the limbs of the first and 
second are longer than those of the third. 
The whole of the family is confined to the old world h 
Characters of family . — The family Camelopardalidce, as thus extended, will 
embrace a group of animals characterised by the highly reticulate or rugose structure 
of the enamel of them molar teeth, and by the general similarity in the structure 
of these teeth. They may be completely unprovided with horns or (?) antlers 
( Helladotherium ), or these appendages may be more complex than in any living 
ruminant ( Bramatherium and Sivatherium). The horns of the giraffe, the one living 
member of the group, are permanently enveloped by the skin, and, as already said, 
seem to have more relationship with the antlers of the deer than with the horn-cores 
of the cavicorn ruminants. The structure of the horns of the fossil forms is unknown ; 
but as these horns do not show a ‘ burr ’ like the antlers of the deer, they were almost 
certainly persistent, and were perhaps covered with a deciduous horny sheath. In 
length of limb these animals ranged from the proportion prevailing among the 
oxen to that of their most specialised member, the giraffe. 
The grouping of the above-mentioned genera in a single family and in serial 
order is not meant to indicate that one genus is the descendant of the other, but 
1 Megacerops of the American tertiaries was formerly described as an ally of the Sivatherium hy Prof. 
Cope (“ Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,” January 3rd, 1870), and as such quoted by Dr. Murie in his memoir on Sivatherium, 
(Geol. Mag., Vol. VIII). Dr. Leidy (“Contributions to Extinct Vert. Fauna of Western Territories,” p. 239) showed 
that the genus belonged to the order Dinocerata of Marsh. 
