130—32 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY YERTEBRATA. 
As the genus contains only a single species, its history may he given under the head 
of that species. 
Species: Bramatherium perimense, Falconer. 
History. - This genus was established in 1815 by Dr. Ealconer for the recep- 
tion of the present species upon the evidence of some upper molar teeth sent to 
England from Perim Island by Captain Eulljames. The memoir in which these 
specimens were described appeared in the “ Journal of the Geological Society ” for 
1845, and is reprinted, with the illustrations, in the “ Palaeontological Memoirs ” \ 
An appendix was added to this memoir referring to a skull of a four-horned rumi- 
nant from Perim Island, which it was suggested might be the same as Bramathe - 
Hum. This skull was described and figured by Mr. Bettington, and a note added by 
Professor Owen, during the same year 3 , but was not named. In 1876 some lower 
molars from the same locality were described and figured by myself 3 . And in 1878 
and 1880 4 it was shown that the cranium noticed above really belonged to B. peri- 
mense. In plate E. of the “ Eauna Antiqua Sivalensis ” a considerable number of 
specimens of broken limb-bones of this species are figured. 
Present notice. — No new specimens of the remains of Bramatherium have been 
obtained by the Indian Museum, and the present notice will, therefore, only men- 
tion the most important characters of the species. 
Cranium. — The cranium figured by Mr. Bettington in the memoir already 
quoted, is of considerably smaller size than that of Sivatherium, and seems to lack 
the curved nasals so characteristic of that genus. Its most distinctive characters 
are the horns, which consist of a front pair rising from a conjoint base between the 
orbits, and of a second pair, also of large size, rising from distinct bases on either 
side of the occiput. In a former memoir 5 it was considered that the anterior 
horns of this genus were homologous with the posterior horns of Sivatherium. An 
examination of a cast of the skull of Bramatherium, which had not previously come 
under my observation, has, however, shown that this view is untenable, and that, 
as was considered to be the case by Mr. Bettington, the conjoint anterior horns 
must be homologous with the small separated horns of Sivatherium. This view also 
shows that the conjoint horns of Hydaspitherium, which are clearly the homologues 
of those of Bramatherium, must likewise represent the anterior horns of Sivatherium, 
unless they contain representatives of both pairs of the latter genus. Tlip specimen 
is too much damaged to permit it to be determined whether a lachrymal vacuity 
was present. 
Teeth and mandible. — The upper molars are sufficiently described in Dr. 
Ealconer’s original memoir. As already stated, both the upper and lower molars 
1 Vol. I, p. 391 et teq., pi. 33, figs.l to 4. In figure 3 the teeth are represented as if each of their divisions 
formed a distinct tooth. 
2 “ Jour. Royal Asiatic Society,” Vol. VIII, pp. 340 to 417. 
3 Supra, Vol. I, p. 60, pi. VII, fig. 13. 
4 Ibid., pp. 160 to 179. 
5 Supra, Vol. I, p. 166. 
