SIWALIK CAMELOPAKDALIDiE. 37—135 
but the bone is somewhat shorter and thicker. Another specimen described by 
Dr. Falconer 1 has the following dimensions : — 
Extreme length ......... 13‘0 
Breadth of proximal extremity 4 3 
„ distal 4'3 
A third imperfect specimen 2 has the breadth of the head measuring 4' 8 inches. 
These three specimens show that there is but little variation in the size of this 
bone. 
Metatarsus .— In figure 2 of plate XVII of this memoir there is represented, 
on a small scale, the metatarsal of a large ruminant, copied from plate F., figure 12 
of the “Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” where it is assigned to Sivatherium giganteum. 
It has the following dimensions, viz . : — 
Extreme length 16'4 
Breadth of proximal extremity 3’8 
„ distal „ . 40 
These dimensions show that this metatarsus is nearly three inches longer than 
the metacarpus, which is a vastly greater difference than occurs between the length 
of the fore and hind c cannon-bones ’ of allied ruminants (see these bones of Kellado- 
therium in figures 4 and 5 of same plate), and it therefore appears to me very doubt, 
ful whether this bone really belongs to Sivatherium , and whether it may not 
rather* have belonged to one of the species of Hydaspitherium. I do not, there- 
fore, take this specimen as a standard of comparison for the length of the hind 
limb of this genus. 
Calcaneum . — An imperfect specimen of the calcaneum is represented in 
figure 12 of plate D. of the “ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.” This bone is mentioned 
here because the sharply produced ridge on the superior surface of the fore part 
of the projecting portion, indicates affinity with the deer and osen instead of with 
the giraffe, and Hydaspitherium. 
Proximal phalangeal . —A very fine specimen of one of the proximal phalan- 
geals of the (probably) hind foot is represented, of half the natural size, in plate 
XVII, figure 9 of this volume. The specimen is figured in order to illustrate 
the extreme strength and stoutness of the limbs of the sivathere ; it was obtained 
by Mr. Theobald in the Siwaliks of the Kangra district. Its great difference from 
the corresponding bones of the allied genera is sufficiently indicated by the illustrations. 
Nature of the horns . — The sivathere, as already said, was provided with two 
pairs of horns, the anterior of which are simple comes, while the posterior are broad 
and palmate, much like the antlers of the elk, for which they were taken by their 
original describer. The four-horned antelope of India, Tetraceros, shows that the 
branched horns correspond to the horns and antlers of the oxen and deer, but with 
regard to the nature of these horns, and especially of the hinder pair, there has 
been considerable discussion. The anterior horns were considered by Dr. Falconer 
to have been coated with a horny sheath like those of the antelopes, and it appears 
“ Pal. Mem.,” Vol. I, p. 277, No. 346. 
2 Ibid., No. 345. 
