SI W ALIK CAMELOPARD ALIM. 
43—141 
living mammal, while the elongated parietals, large lachrymal vacuities, and the 
air-cavities in the cranium are shown to he true cervine characters. Its so-called 
horns are distinguished from the antlers of the deer by their development during 
faetal life, and by their non-deciduous character, and are thus shown to form an in- 
termediate grade between true antlers and true horns ; their presence in both sexes 
is a character they possess in common with the antlers of the reindeer. Hellado- 
therium is considered to be closely allied to the giraffe, and it is suggested that the 
male may have had horns or antlers, the specimens with which we are acquainted 
being all females. 
So far the views propounded by Professor Rutimeyer are in perfect accord with 
those expressed above ; but in regard to the systematic position of the other mam- 
mals treated of here, his views differ very widely from them. Sivatherium and 
Hydaspitherium (and hence Bramatherium 1 and presumably V ishnutherium) are 
entirely separated from Helladotherium and the giraffe,, and are classed with the 
antelopes, the JDamalis group of South Africa being considered their nearest 
allies. The main grounds of this association appears to be the shortening of the 
parietal zone of Sivatherium and Hydaspitherium , which is a character not found 
in the deer family, but one common to the oxen and certain antelopes ( e , g., the 
gnu). The close similarity of the molars of all the animals classed above as the 
Camelopardalidce — a similarity not only of external form, but also of minute struc- 
ture — is disregarded. This similarity, as is clearly pointed out above, is so close 
that the teeth of Helladotherium cannot possibly be distinguished from those 
of Hydaspitherium and Bramatherium , while a skull now referred to the 
first of these three genera was referred both by Ealconer and Murie to a female Siva- 
therium. Eurther, the transition in the bones of the limbs and neck from Sivathe- 
rium to the giraffe, the presence of lachrymal vacuities in the giraffe and Hydas- 
pitherium as well as other characters, appears to afford conclusive argument as to the 
intimate relationship of all these animals. It should not be considered a matter of 
wonder if the diverging extremes of this group are found to present certain cha- 
racters which are essentially those of the families with which they respectively 
nosculate. On the contrary, the presence of such characters are in perfect accord 
with what we should a priori expect to meet with in a family which is confessedly 
a connecting link between two families now widely separated. 
Last lower molar of Bramatherium. — Among some Siwalik specimens in the 
Museum of Trinity College, Dublin, which Professor V. Ball has kindly given me an 
opportunity of examining, is the hinder portion of the right ramus of the mandible 
of a large ruminant from Perim Island, containing the last true molar. The speci- 
men was presented by Colonel Montgomery. The form of the tooth shows that it 
belonged to a sivatheroid, and its size, and the locality whence it was obtained, lead 
to the inference that it should probably be referred to Bramatherium perimense , of 
which the last lower molar was previously unknown. The tooth is in an interme- 
1 Professor Rutimeyer ( loc. cit. ) errs in stating that the skull of Bramatherium is unknown. 
