189—12 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
Living Indian and adjacent species. — In tlie present state of science it would be 
almost a hopeless task to give a correct list of the existing species of otters ; it will, 
however, probably suffice for the purposes of this memoir to mention the best known 
species of India and the adjacent countries. According to Dr. Anderson 1 it appears 
that there are four species of Himalayan and Indian long-clawed otters, viz. : — 
Lutra aurobeunnea. Hodgs. 
Lutra ellioti. 
Lutea nair. F. Cuv. 
L. indica. Gray. 
L. tarayensis. Hodgs. . 
L. chinensis. Gray. 
Lutea simung. S. Raffles. 
L. monticola ? . Hodgs. 
It is, however, incidentally mentioned (p. 211) that Lutra vulgaris , Erxl, probably 
occurs in Kashmir, and it is not improbable that this form may occur in the more 
inner Himalaya, 3 as it certainly does in Persia. 4 
Lutra sumatran a, Gray. Inhabits the Malay peninsula. 
There is, moreover, one species, belonging to the sub-genus Aonyx , distinguished 
by its short claws, viz. : — 
Lutra leptonyx. Horsf. 
Aonyx horsfieldi. Gray. 
Aonyx sikimemis. Hodgs. 
(?) Lutra indigitata. Hodgs. 
(?) Lutra swinhoei. Gray. 
In Dr. Gray’s Catalogue of the Carnivora in the British Museum, and in the 
new Osteological Catalogue of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, the 
range of L. leptonyx is given as Java and Sumatra. Dr. Anderson, however, 
considers this form to be the same as the Himalayan I. indigitata , Hodgs., and the 
Indian E. horsfieldi, Gray ; it is, however, suggested that the short-clawed otter of 
Ceylon may be distinct : the same view is entertained by Dr. Jerdon. 
Of these species the skull of L. aurobrunnea , which is a small species, is 
according to Dr. Anderson unknown, and the present writer has not met with a 
figure of that of L. ellioti. In L. nairj and L. simung j which are both of large size, 
the true molar is relatively large and subquadrate. In I. sumatranaj which is also 
of large size, this tooth is very short antero-posteriorly ; and the same is the case in 
the skull of L. vulgaris figured by De Blainville. 8 In L. leptonyx (woodcut, fig. 2), as 
1 op. cit., p. 213. 
2 This species was identified by Jerdon with L. vulgaris, and it is so classed in the new catalogue of the Museum of the 
Royal College of Surgeons : it is, however, distinguished by the greater proportionate size of P m - 4 . 
3 W. T. Blandford, “ Scientific Results'of 2nd Yarkand Mission — Mammalia,” Calcutta, 1879, p. 32. 
4 W. T. Blanford, “Zoology and Geology of Eastern Persia,” London, 1876, p. 43. 
5 Anderson, op. cit., pi. XI., fig. 3. 6 Ibid, pi. XII., fig. 2. 7 Ibid, pi. XII., fig. 5. 
8 “ Osteographie,” Genus Mustela, pi. VIII. 
