199—22 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
angle of figure ): this ridge and cusp are separated from the blade by a distinct open 
valley. The anterior cusp corresponds precisely to the anterior cusp of the tubercular 
portion of the carnassial of L. sivalensis, while the ridge corresponds to the united 
middle and hinder cusps of the latter. In the second specimen figured by Professor 
Meneghini 1 the tubercular portion of the carnassial has two distinct cusps, connected 
by a very low ridge, and agreeing precisely in position with the two main cusps on 
the tubercle of the carnassial of L. sivalensis. The carnassial of L. campani , in its 
two varieties, affords, therefore, a complete transition between the corresponding 
tooth of L. sivalensis and L. leplonyx ; the latter passing on to the carnassial of the 
long-clawed otters [e.g., L. palceindica) . 
Leaving m. 1 and pm. 4, attention may now be directed to the anterior teeth of 
Lutra sivalensis. None of the four specimens of the skull show the complete pm. 3 ; 
but the base of this tooth is shown in the specimen figured in this memoir. In spite of 
the opinion expressed by Dr. Falconer to the contrary, this tooth appears to be very 
similar to the corresponding tooth of the living otters, having a similar strongly 
developed cingulum : its main cusp is, however, not improbably slightly lower. The 
second premolar, as already observed, has been shed in the skull figured in this 
memoir, but its minute alveolus exists in one of the skulls in the British 
Museum : this tooth is present in the palate of L. campani. None of the skulls show 
any trace of pm.l, which is also absent in L. campani. 
With regard to the incisors, Dr. F alconer’s original description may be quoted 
in full. He observes “ The incisors are of the normal number, three on each side, 
the two interior of which are shown by their transverse section to have been very 
compressed, their length being three times their width. This compression, so much 
greater than what is seen in either Lutra or Enhydra \E'nKydris], or in any other 
described Mustelidce, is palpably connected with the enormous development of the 
outer incisor on either side, which relatively exceeds that of any known Carnivora. 
This lateral incisor evidently served as a subsidiary canine, and the only analagous 
case which occurs to us is found in a very different family, the Ruminantia, where 
the upper lateral incisor puts on the form and development of a canine in the Camel. 
In one of the specimens [“ Pal. Mem.” loc. cit. fig. 2.] the base of this tooth, with 
the other incisors, remains in the jaw, broken off on a level with the alveolus, and 
enables us to determine its relative size with precision. The section of the fang 
shows a very broad oval ; the dimensions, as contrasted with those of a large Indian 
otter [? Lutra naif], are — 
Fossil. Recent. 
“ Antero-posterior diameter of outer incisor 0'45 .. 0'17 
Transverse ,, >,>,>> 0-37 .. 0-12 
Antero-posterior „ ,, middle ,, . . ... 0 - 33 .. 0-14 
Transverse ,, ,, ,, ,, 0-14 .. 0'1 
Antero-posterior „ ,, inner ,, 0-25 .. 0‘9 
Transverse ,, ,, ‘ ,, ,, . . . . . 0‘9 .. 0’8 
“In the younger animal to which [this] head belonged, the incisors are all present ; 
l Figure 2 of plate Ia. of the memoir cited. 
