213—36 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
intervals, but the third ( pm. 3 ) should have been placed nearer to the succeeding 
tooth than is the case in the figure. The sections of pm- 4, m. 1 , and m. 2 are distinctly 
shown in the figure, but they are seen to be imperfect on the inner side. In order 
to determine the width of these alveoli the opposite alveolar ridge has also been 
ground down since the figure was drawn, by which means there has been obtained a 
perfect section of the alveolus of m. 2 . 
In the following table the dimensions of the palatal aspect and the alveoli of 
the cheek-teeth are compared with the corresponding dimensions of four living 
species of bear, from the author’s own collection. 1 The skulls of U. arctos (var. 
isabellinus ), and U. torquatus are small specimens : — 
Width of palate at m. 1 
Prolongation of palate behind m. 2 
Length of whole palatal aspect 
, , alveoli of last 3 cheek-teeth . 
Interval between canine and pm. 4 
Length of alveolus of pm. 4 
Width ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, (posteriorly) 
Length ,, ,, ,, m. 1 
Width „ „ „ „ „ . 
Length „ ,, ,, ,, 2 
Width ,, ,, ,, „ (middle) 
f g 
£ B 
~ ’§ 
P 00 
2-89 .. 32- 
1-95 .. 2-41 
10-9 .. 12-6 
1-83 .. 2'22 
1-27 .. 1-62 
0-41 .. 0-51 
0-31 .. 0-3 
0-55 .. 0-62 
0-39 .. 
0-75 .. 0-89 
0-26 .. 0-51 
I j 
•| ^ 
a 1 
p p 
2-83 2-68 
1- 34 .. 0-54 
12-4 .. 
2- 25 .. 2-44 
1-44 .. 0-8 
0 47 .. 0-48 
0-28 .. 0-44 
0-66 .. 0-67 
0-4 .. -0-62 
0-91 .. 1-08 
0-48 .. 0-65 
P 
2-55 
0-94 
2-25 
0-51 
0-44 
0-3 
0-62 
0- 58 
1- 02 
0-6 
From these dimensions the length of mA may be very closely estimated, and 
taking this as unity the width of the palate will be about 4-59 ; or proportionately 
very similar to the condition prevailing in U. labiatus , and thereby indicating that 
the specimen is related to the microdont division of the genus. The dimensions of 
the alveoli of the cheek-teeth indicate, however, that the other teeth were 
proportionately considerably more developed than in U. labicitus ; and more nearly 
resembled in this respect U. maritimus. Taking the three last teeth separately, as 
indicated by their alveoli, the carnassial ( pm. 4 ) must have been longer and narrower 
than the corresponding tooth of U. labiatus : its hinder root (as can be seen in the 
figure) is sub-cylindrical in section, and shows no tendency to a bilateral division ; 
it is in fact very similar to the same alveolus in U. torquatus, and quite different from 
that of U. arctos : from which it may be inferred that the carnassial of the fossil had 
but a very small inner tubercle, which was placed in the middle of the tooth, as in 
U. torquatus. It may be added that in the polar bear the two roots of pm. 4 are 
usually conjoint. The roots of m. 1 are not well displayed in the fossil, but as far as 
the alveoli show, they must have been proportionately stouter than in U. labiatus. In 
m. 2 , however, the roots are well preserved, and show (as is seen on the left side of 
the figure) that they were different from the aborted condition in which they exist in 
l As it was necessary for this comparison to extract the teeth of the specimens examined, it is obvious that it could not 
be applied to specimens in the public collections. 
