SIWALIK AND NARBADA CARNIVORA. 
43—220 
oyer all the other names. 1 The name Ilycenarctos has, however, acquired such a 
general acceptation that it seems best that it should be retained, although it is a 
somewhat misleading one. 
The characters of the genus will be best given under the head of the species. 
Distribution and number of species. — Besides the three Indian species described 
below, there is the Ilycenarctos insignis of Grervais, 2 from the lower pliocene of 
Montpellier ; and a specifically undetermined form from the upper miocene of 
Alcoi, in Spain. 3 The so-called Ilycenarctos hemicyon of the same writer it has been 
shown above ip. 202) should probably be referred to a distinct genus, under the name 
of Dinocyon, connecting the bears with the dogs. From the upper pliocene (Red- 
Crag) of England Prof. Flower has described 4 some molar teeth, which were 
regarded as specifically indistinguishable from the typical Ilycenarctos sivalensis of 
India. The Indian specimens are exclusively confined to the Sind, Punjab, and Sub- 
Himalayan Siwaliks. In an address on the u Introduction and Succession of 
Vertebrate Life in America,” 5 Prof. 0. C. Marsh mentions (p. 46) that the genus 
occurs in the pliocene of South America ; Prof. Marsh has informed the present 
writer that the authority for this statement rests with Mr. Wallace, 6 but the source of 
his information is unknown. 
Putting aside as somewhat doubtful its alleged occurrence in America, the genus 
evidently had a very wide geographical range in the Old World, and in time ranged 
from the period of the upper miocene to the upper pliocene. 7 
Species 1. HXenarctos sivalensis, Falc. and Caut. 
Synonyms. TJrsus sivalensis , Falc. and Caut. 
Agriotherium sivalense , Wag. 
Amphiarctos sivalensis , Blain. 
Sivalarctos sivalensis, Blain. 
Bistory. — The history of this species is the same as that of the genus ; the only 
addition that need be made is that in 1877 the present writer briefly described 8 a 
mandible, and in the following year 9 a maxilla of Hycenarctos, which were then 
referred to the present species ; these specimens are, however, now considered as 
specifically distinct, and will be described below. 
Cranium. — The typical cranium is now in the British Museum (No. 39,721), and is 
figured of one-third the natural size in figures 1 , la, lb, of plate 0 of the ‘ ‘ Fauna Antiqua 
Sivalensis it is also figured, of one-fourth the natural size, in the “ Palaeontological 
Memoirs” (pi. XXVI., fig. 1). The dentition of one side is figured, of the natural 
1 Pictet in his ‘ Paleontologie ’ suggested that Amyxodon of Falconer and Cautley (‘ J. A. S. B.,’ vol. IV., p. 707) was 
the same as Hycenarctos : the former name was, however, applied to the so-called Enhydriodon ( vide supra, p. 196) 
2 Op. cif., p. 209. 3 Ibid, p. 210. 4 Op. cit. 5 New Haven, Conn., 1877. 
6 “ The Geographical Distribution of Animals,” London, 1876, vol. I., p. 146. 
7 Assuming that the crag fossil is not ‘ derived.’ 8 ‘ Records,’ vol. X., p. 33. 9 Ibid, vol. XI., p. 103. 
