225—48 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY YERTEBRATA. 
The femur of Uyamarctos is distinguished from that of Ursus by its greater 
general stoutness, and by the shaft being broader ,and flatter, with the terminal 
expansions proportionately much less developed : the '?■ head ’ has moreover a much 
shorter and less well-defined 1 neck,’ and is placed more nearly in continuation of the 
long axis of the shaft. The great trochanter ( left side of top of figures 1 and 2) also 
projects higher and is generally larger; while the -small trochanter is much less 
distinctly developed, and is invisible from the anterior aspect, in which it forms a 
well-marked feature in the bear [right' side of figure 2, below the 1 head ’). The 
trochlear surface for the patella extends higher up on the shaft of the bone in the 
Siwalik specimen than it does in Ursus. The excessive stoutness of the femur of 
Hycenarctos indicates probably that that animal was of a more ponderous type 
than any existing bear. The shortness of the ‘ neck ’ seems also to indicate that 
the motion of the upper part of the hind limb was more nearly confined to one 
plane than is the case in Ursus ; whence it is not improbable that Hycenarctos was 
unable to ascend trees. 
Radius and ulna . — In figures 4, 4a, 4b, of plate 0 of the “Fauna Antiqua 
Sivalensis” there is represented the greater part of the conjoint right radius and 
ulna of a large carnivore, referred by Dr. Falconer to the present species. The 
specimen, which was collected by Messrs. Baker and Durand from the Siwalilcs, is 
now in the British Museum (Nos. 39,725-6) : the great stoutness of these bones is in 
harmony with the characters of the femur. 
Metacarpal and phalangeal. — In figures 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, and 7, 7a, 7b, of the 
last quoted plate there are represented two fragments of bones of the fore or hind foot 
of a Siwalik carnivore, which are also referred by Dr. Falconer to the present 
species : these specimens are now in the British Museum (No. 37,147). 
Alleged axis . — In figures 3, 3a, 3b. 3c, 3d, of the same plate there is, represented 
an axis vertebra from the Siwaliks, now in the British Museum (No. 37,143), which 
is referred by Dr. Falconer to the present species. This bone is much more 
elongated than in the true bears, its length being 4 inches and its breadth in the 
middle 1'5 inches; the corresponding dimensions of the axis of U. horribilis being 
2-7x2 *0 inches. It appears to be not impossible that this bone may really belong to 
one of the Suina. 
Distribution . — The foregoing specimens comprehend all the known Indian remains 
that can be referred to the present species ; and were all obtained from the typical 
Siwalik hills. It has been already mentioned that Professor Flower has described some 
molars from the Red Crag, which were considered not improbably to belong to the 
present species : it will, however, be shown below that this provisional reference may 
be doubtful. 
The general affinities of the genus may be more conveniently noticed after the 
description of the other species. 
