SIWALIK AND NARBADA CAENIVORA. 
49—226 
Species 2. Hyasnarctos punjabiensis, n. sp., nobis. 
History. — The name of this species is mentioned here for the first time, the 
specimens on -which it, is founded having been previously referred to the last species. 
Upper molars . — In figure 2 of plate XXX. there are represented five associated 
upper cheek-teeth belonging to the present genus, which were collected by Mr. 
Theobald in the Siwaliks of Ashot, in the Punjab, in the winter of 1877 : they are 
the specimens briefly alluded to on page 103 of the Xtli volume of the “Records.” 
When these teeth came into the hands of the present writer they exhibited signs of 
having been recently hammered out of their sockets, and there is little doubt but 
that they were broken from a skull by the villagers who brought them to Mr. 
Theobald. In order to preserve them as associated they have been embedded in a 
block of plaster. 1 The enamel of the teeth has not been perforated by wear, 
indicating that the animal to which they belonged had only just attained the full 
development of its permanent dentition. The specimens comprize the carnassials 
(pm. 4) of either side ; and two molar teeth of opposite sides, which from comparison 
with ffycenarctos sivalensis have been found to be the first true molars (m. 1) : the tooth 
of the right side has been crushed and split. In the left-hand corner of the tablet 
there is a small conical tooth, which is evidently an early premolar. It will be 
remembered that it has been inferred that in Hycenarctos sivalensis pm. 3 was a 
relatively large tooth, inserted by two fangs ; it is accordingly pretty certain that 
the tooth under consideration cannot be pm. 3 (especially as, pm. 4 is > of large size), 
and it may therefore be considered as pm. 2 . It differs from the corresponding tooth 
of H. sivalensis by being inserted by two distinct fangs, and in this respect differs 
from all species of Ursus, and agrees with Cephalogale and Gams. 
The carnassial (pm. 4) has the blade consisting of two main lobes (p. m.), 
corresponding to the main lobes of H. sivalensis : the anterior talon (a) is, however, 
much less developed than in the latter 2 ; its respective length in the two specimens 
being 0-23 and 0-33 inch. The inner tubercular portion of the two specimens also 
differs considerably: thus in the Punjab tooth this part ends posteriorly at the 
division between the two main lobes of the blade, whereas in H. sivalensis it extends 
as far back as the middle of the hind lobe. In the former the tubercle extends as far 
forwards as the anterior border of the first lobe, whereas in the latter it does not 
extend farther than a little beyond the middle of the same lobe. The tubercle of 
the former is also altogether larger than that of the latter ; and the one tooth lacks 
the distinct external cingulum of the other. The external contour of the base of 
the crown is regularly convex in the Punjab specimen, but in II. sivalensis has a 
marked concavity opposite the division between the two main lobes of the blade. 
1 The carnassials should have been placed slightly obliquely to the true molars. 
2 In the present specimen the carnassial of the right side is not evenly set in the plaster : the tooth of the left side 
corresponds in position with the figured carnassial of H. sivalensis. 
L 
