251—74 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
wider : and tlie hind outer lobe of the blade, and the outer cusp of the talon, form 
more regular cones ; while the inner lobe of the blade is larger ; and the depth of 
the jaw proportionately greater. There is, therefore, no doubt that the two forms 
are specifically distinct, although closely allied. Both species evidently indicate, a 
transition from typical forms of Amphicyon in the direction of Icticyon and Temnocyon ; 
in the second of which the inner cusp of the talon has disappeared, while the former 
has lost the inner cusp of the blade, though the outer cusp of the talon is not so large 
as in the present specimen. According to Prof. Peters the smaller race of A. major 
approaches much nearer to A. intermedius than does the larger race, so that there are 
some indications of a transition between the two. The so-called Canis ursinus, Cope, 
which may belong to the present genus, is distinguished by its greater depth of jaw 
and shorter m. -1 ; but is too much damaged for further comparison. 
Conclusions. — Seeing that the upper molar described above agrees very closely 
with the corresponding tooth of Amphicyon , and that the lower carnassial, which in 
respect of size may well belong to the same species, also agrees with ml of a 
somewhat aberrant form of the same genus, there is a great probability that the two 
should be referred to the same species. 1 Adopting this provisional reference, the 
species will differ from other species of Amphicyon , with the exception of A. intermedius , 
by its more megalocreodont character, and the greater specialization in the structure 
of mil: and it will be apparent that A. palccindicus 1 and A. intermedius are more 
specialized in the structure of their lower carnassials than any other known 
members of the genus ; the specialization being so great that they could not have 
been on the direct ancestral line either of Canis or the hysenarctoid bears ; although 
it is possible that they may be more intimately related to Temnocyon. 3 Two 
fragmentary lower carnassials precisely similar to the Nurpur tooth have been 
obtained by Mr. W. T. Blanford from the lower Siwaliks of Sind, and are now in 
the Indian Museum (No. D. 24). 
Second lower true molar. — In figure 4 of plate XXXII. there is represented, from 
the masticating surface, a fragment of the mandible of a carnivore obtained by Mr. 
F. Fedden from the lower Siwaliks of Sind, and briefly alluded to in the “ Records” 4 
under the name of A. palccindicus. This specimen belongs to the right ramus of the 
mandible, and shows m. 2 and the alveolus of m. 3 : it is broken inferiorly, so that 
the depth of the jaw cannot be ascertained. The antero-external and the postero- 
internal angles of the one remaining tooth have been broken away ; but this tooth is 
otherwise perfect, and untouched by wear. It closely resembles the corresponding 
tooth of Canis and Amphicyon , and from its size may probably be referred to the 
latter genus ; and may very possibly belong to A. palccindicus. The alveolus of m. 3 
1 In the former notice of these specimens the writer considered that the larger proportionate size of mTT might indicate 
specific distinction : he was at the time unacquainted with the progressive development in the relative size of the carnassials 
of the dogs. 
2 These conclusions will he equally valid if the lower carnassial should eventually he proved specifically distinct from the 
upper molar. 
3 The writer is not aware of the existence of a figure of the dentition of this form. 4 Vol. XI., p. 102. 
