259—82 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
Distribution. — The cranium and mandible described above are the only known 
remains that can be referred to the present species : they were obtained from the 
typical Siwalik Hills. 
Species 2. Canis cautleyi, Bose. 
History. — In the memoir already quoted, 1 Mr. Bose described two fragments of 
the mandible of a large wolf, in the Siwalik collection of the British Museum ; one 
of which had previously been considered by Dr. Falconer as the mandible of Lutra 
(Enhydriodon) sivalensis. The more perfect of the two specimens was figured by Mr. 
Bose. In describing his specimens Mr. Bose compared them with the jaw of the 
living Indian wolf ( C. pallipes ), indicating certain differences between the two ; and 
thought that future discoveries might very possibly establish the specific distinctness 
of the fossil, in which case he proposed that it should be known as C. cautleyi. As 
the species was first named on the evidence of the mandible, it is better to reverse 
the order usually adopted in this volume, and commence with that part. 
Type mandible. — In figures 6, 6a of plate XXXII. the larger of the two 
fragments of the mandible mentioned above has been figured, from the external and 
dental aspects. The specimen belongs to the left side and is broken off anteriorly 
in front of the carnassial ; but posteriorly to the fracture is perfect, with the exception 
of the summit of the coronoid process. It exhibits the carnassial (m. l), of which 
the summit of the second lobe of the blade has been broken off : the second true 
molar (m. 2.) ; and the alveolus of m73, which from some damage appears confluent 
with m72. In the second specimen in the British Museum m. 3 is in position, although 
somewhat damaged. In describing the specimens Mr. Bose observes that they ‘ ‘ indicate 
an animal of the size of the Wolf; and the form of the teeth is exactly as in that 
animal. On comparing the two fragments with the lower jaw of the living Indian 
Wolf [Gams pallipes'], from the osteological collection of the British Museum, the 
rami are found to be higher and thicker, and the teeth proportionately smaller in the 
fossil.” The dimensions of the specimen will be given below. 
Dublin specimen of mandible. — Among the Siwalik fossils in the Science and Art 
Museum, Dublin, whose history has been already given, there is an associated portion 
of the skull and two fragments of the mandible of a wolf, portions of which are 
represented in the woodcut on the next page (fig. 10). The figured portion of the 
mandible (A) agrees precisely in every respect with the hinder portion of the 
mandible described above, and leaves no doubt that the two belong to the same 
species. The figured portion of the Dublin specimen shows m. 1 and m. 2 in a very 
perfect, and almost unworn, condition ; it also shows the broken fang of m. 3. The 
fragment of the opposite side shows the canine and the earlier premolars. 
Comparisons . — The form of the teeth in these specimens leaves no doubt, as Mr. 
Bose remarks, that they belonged to a true wolf. The existing wolves of the Old 
1 ‘ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ vol. XXXVI., p. 135. 
