SIWALIK AND NARBADA CARNIVORA. 
83—260 
World are usually divided into four species ; — vis., Cams lupus of Europe and parts 
of Asia, C. pallipes of India, and C. laniger and 
C. clianco of Tibet. From the fact, however, 
that the size of the cheek-teeth of all the 
specimens of these forms measured by him are 
contained within the limits of variation of those 
of C. lupus, Prof. Huxley 1 is inclined to think 
that they may all be considered as local races 
of that species. The table of measurements 
given below shows, however, that the teeth of 
C. pallipes are on the whole, smaller than those 
of C. lupus. The skull of C. pallipes is con- 
sidered by the same writer to be nearest to the 
jackal type of skull, but there is no essential 
difference between the skulls and teeth of any 
of the four species 2 ; and it will accordingly 
suffice to compare the fossil mandible with the 
skull of one species ; although in a later 
paragraph the measurements of the teeth of all the species will be given. The 
species selected for this comparison is C. pallipes ; and in the following table the 
dimensions of the two fossil mandibles are compared with two specimens of the 
mandible of the former species, one of which (a) is a specimen in the writer’s 
collection, and the other (b) a specimen in the British Museum, of which the 
dimensions are given by Mr. Bose : — 
A. B. 
Fig. 10. Cam's cautleyi, Bose. Part of 
the left ramus of the mandible (A) and the 
left side of the palate (B) : from associated 
specimens from the Siwaliks. Dublin 
Museum. (Nos. i2. and 43.) 
C. cautleyi. 
Dublin. Brit. Mus 
Interval between canine and carnassial ...... 2-26 
Antero -posterior diameter of canine 0-45 
Length of pm. l 0 - 2 
„ „ „ 2 0-47 
„ „ „ 3 . 0-52 
„ „ „ 4 0-58 
„ „ 0-96 0-95 
„ „ „ 2 0-43 0-42 
„ „ „ 3 . 0-2 
Depth at iSTl P04 1-1 
Greatest depth of angular process 0-63 
Interval between summit of condyle and inferior border of ditto . 1 - 33 
C. pallipes. 
2-24 
0-46 
0-22 
0-44 
0-5 
0-54 
0-94 1-0 
0- 45 0-47 
0-22 
1- 08 1-02 
0 44 
1-2 
These measurements show that in respect of the depth of the horizontal ramus, 
and the proportionate size of the hinder cheek-teeth, the fossil jaws are within the 
limits of variation of the jaws of the existing species. In respect of the form of 
the angular process there is, however, a considerable difference between the figured 
British Museum jaw of the fossil and that of the living species. In the latter (and 
apparently in all other existing wolves) the angular process is considerably smaller 
1 Op. cit., p. 278. 2 It is more convenient to refer to these different forms as species. 
