SIWALIK AND NARBADA CARNIVORA. 
99—276 
upper pi’emolar isa mucli smaller tooth, with a general resemblance to the corresponding 
tooth of the dogs. 
In the lower jaw the carnassial (m. I) is divided into a blade and talon, the latter 
bearing two small cusps : the lobes of the blade are large and subequal ; in the less 
specialized forms (II. striata) there is a small inner cusp to the hinder lobe, but this 
disappears in the more specialized forms. The presence of the talon to mTT 
distinguishes it from the corresponding tooth of the modern cats : but this part varies in 
size in the different species, being relatively small in the more specialized forms. 
The lower premolars are conical teeth, varying considerably in the amount of lateral 
compression, and in the degree of development of their fore-and-aft talons. The 
first lower premolar, when present, is always small. 1 
Distribution . — Both in the living and fossil state the hysenas are essentially Old 
World forms, no traces of them having ever been found in America. 2 The living 
forms are found in India, Persia, Asia Minor, and North and South Africa, and the 
fossil representatives of the genus have been found in Europe, North Africa, India, 
and China. The genus is unknown before the epoch of the Pikermi beds. 
1 Number of species . — The following list comprizes the best known species of the 
genus, exclusive of the Indian fossil species, with their more important syiionomy. 
Doubtful species are indicated by an asterisk. 
*1. Hyaena antiqua, 3 Lank. Up. pliocene, England. 
A very doubtful provisional species, founded upon a single pm. 3 ; is said to be allied 
to H. striata. 
*2. Hyena arvernensis, Cr. and Job. Up. pliocene, Europe. 
This form is closely allied to, if not identical with, the living H. striata , with which it 
is provisionally associated by Professor Gaudry. 4 
3. Hyaena brevirostris, Aymard. Pliocene, Europe. 
This species is distinguished from all others by its gigantic size : the lower carnassial 
has a large talon, but no inner tubercle : the upper true molar is very large. 
4. Hyena brunnea, Thunb. Recent, South Africa. 
H: fusca, G. St. H. H. villosa, Smith. 
Crocuta brunnea , Gray. 
In this species the lower carnassial has a small talon, with normally a small 
inner cusp, but this may be absent. 5 : the upper true molar is very large. One 
instance is recorded of the absence of the latter tooth. 6 There is a distinct anterior 
talon to pm. 3, but this is smaller than in H. striata : the third lobe of pm. 4 j s no t 
larger than the middle. 
5. Hyena cheretis, 7 Gaud, and Lart. Pikermi beds, 'Greece. 
This species is distinguished by the elongated form of its premolars: the lower 
carnassial has a large talon, and inner cusp : the upper true molar is unknown, and 
• , ,;pm. 1 present. 
1 For a more detailed description of the dentition of the existing forms see Mivart, ‘Pro. Zool. Soc.,’ 1882, p. 199, 
et. seq., and Busk, ‘ Journ. Linn. Soc. — Zoology,’ vol. IX., 1866, p. 59. 
2 The so-called Bycena neogasa of Lund— Mucharodus. 3 ‘ Anri. Mag. Nat. Hist.,’ vol. XIII., 1864, p. 56, pi. VIII. 
4 “ Animaux Fossiles et Geologie de l’Attique,” p. 103. 5 College Surg. Museum, No. 519. 
6 Mivart, ‘ Pro. Zool. Soc.,’ 1882, p. 200. 7 Gaudry, “Animaux Fossiles et Geologie de I’Attiquo.” p. 92, pi. XV. 
