SIWALIK AND NARBADA CARNIVORA. 
135—312 
Genus II. : LEPTHY2ENA, n. gen., nobis. 
Species : LefthyvENA siyalensis, nobis. 
Syn. Ictitherimn sivalense, nobis. 
History. — The present genus is mentioned here for the first time ; the specimen 
of a mandible on which it is founded having been previously referred to Ictitherimn ; 
and mentioned in the “ Records m under the name of I. sivalense. 
Mandible. — The mandible mentioned above, consisting of two fragments of the 
rami of opposite sides, is represented in figures 8, 9, and 9a, of plate XLV.; and 
was obtained by Mr. Theobald from the Siwaliks of Asnot, Punjab. The larger 
fragment (figs. 9, 9a) comprehends the hinder part of the left ramus, wanting the 
condyle, and coronoid and angular processes ; and showing the broken pm. 4, mTI 
broken posteriorly, and the alveolus of in. 2. The other portion (fig. 8) shows the 
broken pm. 3 and the perfect pm. 4. All the teeth are considerably worn. The 
premolars are sub-conical elongated teeth, with a well-marked cingulum on the outer 
side, a large hind talon, and a rudimentary fore talon. The carnassial has a large blade, 
of which the anterior lobe is the longer ; having a distinct inner cusp placed exactly 
opposite the hinder lobe of the blade, to which it is closely attached ; and a relatively 
small talon, of which the summit is broken away : there is a small cingulum on the 
outer side of the anterior lobe ; and the length of the whole tooth is not greatly in excess 
of that of pm. 4. The alveolus of m. 2 is single and circular ; showing that this tooth 
must have been very small. The jaw is of great vertical depth — much exceeding in 
this respect the length of m. I ; it tapers anteriorly, is much compressed from side 
to side, and its inferior border ascends very rapidly towards the angular process. 
The length of pmTi is 0-57, that of mTl O' 7, and the greatest depth of the jaw 
0-97 inch. 
The number of the hinder cheek-teeth is the same as in the Mustelidce, many of 
the Vivemdce, and the primitive hyaenas and cats ; and the character of the teeth shows 
clearly enough that it is only to one of those groups that the specimen can have any 
affinity. With regard to the first, the teeth are somewhat like those of Maries and 
Mustela ; but the anterior lobe of the blade of m. 1 is relatively larger in the fossil, 
and the talon much smaller. In the recent forms, moreover, the length of m. 1 is 
equal to the united lengths of pm. 3 and pm. 4 ; and the talon of m. 1 is of a sectorial 
nature. In no existing viverrine (with the exception of Cryptoprocta , in which the 
inner cusp of m. I. is wanting) are the talon and inner cusp of m. 1 relatively so 
small, and the jaw so deep as in the fossil. In Ictitlierium (to which the fossil was 
referred) m. 2 is an elongated tooth ; the talon of mTT longer ; the whole of that 
tooth longer in proportion to pm. 4 ; and the jaw less deep. 
Coming to the hyaenas, a much closer resemblance will be found. If the lower jaw 
of H. sivalensis represented in pi. XXXVIII., fig. 2, and pi. XXXIX., fig. 5, be 
1 Vol. X., p. 32. 
