331—154 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
which if not caused is at least exaggerated by the crush before alluded to, there will 
remain no remarkable points of difference except in the diameter of the orbit, and 
in the width across the occipital condyles. The other variations probably exceed 
not what may be detected in the skulls of cats belonging to one species. There are, 
however, other differences of form not shown by the measurements. In the fossil 
the post-orbitary apophysis is more developed, and the plane of its projection more 
continuous with that of the frontal bone. The depression of the cranium in rear of 
this apophysis is more marked, giving a greater width to the temporal fossae ; — the 
bullae of the mastoid processes have a more elongated shape, and are generally 
larger ; and the transverse ridge of the occipital bone is higher, sharper, and more 
prominent. All, or nearly all, these differences tend to show a greater development 
of the predaceous faculties in the fossil ; — a circumstance further confirmed by the 
teeth, which, though corresponding in form with those of the [jungle] cat, are 
somewhat longer and stronger.” 
In the limited time during which this specimen was under the present writer’s 
observation, the only skull with which it could be compared was one of the domestic 
cat ; with which it was found to agree in size. From this agreement it is inferred 
that the recent skull with which it was compared by Messrs. Baker and Durand was 
that of F. bengalensis , rather than the larger F. cliaus ; both being commonly known 
in India as ‘jungle cats.’ The relatively large size of the occipital condyles of the 
fossil is equally noticeable when compared with the skulls of the domestic cat, F. 
catus , and F. maniculata. 
The present cranium proves the existence in the Siwaliks of a fifth species of 
cat, of the size of F. bengalensis, but specifically distinct. Although it has not been 
found practicable to make an exhaustive comparison between the fossil and the skulls 
of other small cats, yet the Siwalik form is probably specifically distinct, and may 
retain the name of F. subhimalayana. 
Mandible and limb-bones d — In figure 2 of the above-quoted plate of Messrs. Baker 
and Durand’s memoir there are represented certain limb-bones associated with a 
nearly complete ramus of the mandible of a small cat. The mandible, it is said, 
“ must have belonged to a smaller animal than that which owned the cranium : it 
presents no difference worthy of note from that of the wild cat. The humerus, 
tibia, and metatarsal bones forming part of this interesting little group, appear to 
have belonged to the same individual as the lower jaw; and it is curious enough that 
their present bond of connection is the plate of a small crocodile. The carpal, 
metacarpal, and phalangeal bones represented in figure 3 [of the same plate], 
obtained from the same locality, though at different times, may possibly be assigned 
to the same or a similar animal.” It is most probable that these specimens belong to 
the same species as the cranium. 
Distribution. — All the remains described above were obtained from the typical 
Siwalik Hills. 
1 Those specimens arc also in the Dublin Museum (No. 4S). 
