SIWALIK AND NARBADA CARNIVORA. 
173—350 
of the crown. Posteriorly the lower border of the enamel of the crown runs 
suddenly upwards on both sides, nearly to the summit of the hind lobe. The tooth 
has been considerably worn ; the plane of detrition being very oblique, and the 
longitudinal diameter of the worn surface of the hind lobe running nearly 
horizontally : it was implanted in the jaw by two fangs of nearly equal size, 
diverging widely from the middle of the crown. In figure 6 of the same plate 
there is represented the hinder lobe of a less worn specimen of the corresponding 
tooth of the opposite side 1 ; also from the Siwaliks of the Punjab. This specimen 
shows the same upward flexure of the inferior border of the enamel at the posterior 
extremity ; as well as a similar height of the summit of the hinder lobe above the same. 
The only tooth with which these specimens appear to correspond is the last 
lower true molar of Hycenodon 2 ; in some species of which (e.y., U. hebertif H. 
leptorliynchus 4 ) the lower border of the enamel bends, upwards at the posterior 
extremity of the tooth in precisely the same manner, although not quite to the same 
extent, as in the Siwalik teeth. In none of the European or American species, 
however, is there the marked cingulum of the latter ; while in all the larger forms 
the hinder lobe is relatively longer; although in the much smaller E. crucians , 
Leidy, 5 the two lobes are more nearly of the same length. In all, the anterior lobe 
is much stouter than the posterior; and the wear of the summits of the lobes is 
similar to that of the Indian teeth. 
In relative size the teeth under consideration accord sufficiently well with the 
lower premolar of H. indicus to have belonged to the same species ; and it appears 
highly probable that such may have been the case. If this association Re correct, 
the presence of the cingulum in m. 3 of the Indian form, in view of the close 
resemblance existing between pm. 4 of the latter and the corresponding tooth of the 
European and American species, need not of itself indicate more than specific 
distinction. It is, however, possible that subsequent finds may indicate either that 
the true molars belong to a distinct species, or even genus, from the premolar ; or 
that, although belonging to the same species, the Indian teeth are generically 
distinct from, although closely allied to, Hycenodon. 6 In the absence of further 
evidence it is preferable to refer them provisionally to the same species, and to the 
type genus. 
Whichever of the above-mentioned views be correct, the occurrence in the 
Siwaliks of a Hycenodon , or a closely allied form, is a matter of extreme interest. 
From the extreme rarity of its remains it is not impossible that the Indian form was 
on the point of extinction in the Siwalik epoch. 
1 This specimen is not figured in quite the same position as the corresponding part of the more perfect tooth : the fang 
should have inclined towards the left. 
2 These teeth might at first sight he taken for the lower carnassials of a feline ; hut are at once distinguished by the 
form of the lower border of the enamel and of the worn surfaces of the summits of the lobes ; by the presence of the 
cingulum, and the size and direction of the fangs. 
3 “ Phosphorites du Quercy,” fig. 158. 4 Blainville, op. cit. 5 Op. cit., pi. II. 
6 Neither of the teeth present any close resemblance to Pterodon or Oxyccna : the other American genera are at present 
insufficiently described. 
Q 2 
