PART I. ZOOLOGY. 
23 
godus). The staircase shell {Solarium), so called on account of 
the ridge round the cavity in the axis or umbilicus resembling a 
well staircase. The screw ( Turritella) as the press screw ( T. bicar i- 
nata ). The milk shell {Eulima). The ladder shell ( Scalaria ), often 
called by the Dutch name, Wentletrap, signifying a winding ladder, 
they were formerly very rare, but are now brought from China. 
Table 21 . The fresh water clubs ( Melania ) ; the clubs ( Cerithium ) ; 
and the pond snails {Paludina). 
Table 22. The worm shell ( Vermetus), which are like the tubes of 
serpulse. The fool’s cap ( Capulus), and the Hipponyx with its 
shelly under valve, which has caused it to be mistaken for a bivalve 
shell. The slipper shell ( Crepidula ). The cup and saucer limpet 
( Dispotea ). The Trochus-like limpet ( Trochila ) and the Neptune’s 
cap, which has a cup-shaped under valve. The carrier {Phorus) 
which has the peculiarity of attaching to the outer surface of its 
shell, as it enlarges in size, stones, fragments of other shells, coral, and 
other marine substances, from whence it has been called respec- 
tively “ Conchologist,” and the “ Mineralogist,” as shell or mineral 
preponderated. Some of the species have this habit only in an early 
stage; others retain it during the whole period of their existence; 
some have the margin of the whorls expanded out into a broad disk, 
others have this part furnished with a series of long tubular processes 
like the rays of the sun, hence the name of Sun Carriers. The Bubble 
Shells {Bulla), and the shelly plates found in the gizzard of some of the 
species. The rose-bud {Bullina). 
Table 23. The horny shells found under the skin of the sea hares 
{Aplysia), and the shelly blade bone shell of Dolabella, from the In- 
dian seas. The very fragile and thin glassy nautilus {Carinaria), and 
the different species of paper nautilus or Argonauts. The poetic ac- 
count of the animal usually found in this shell using its dilated arms 
for sails, and its slender arms as oars, from whence Pope gave his well 
known lines, 
“ Learn from the little Nautilus to sail, 
Spread the thin oar and catch the driving gale,” 
proves to be a fiction. The dilated arms are used by the animal to 
clasp the shell and keep it on the body, when it passes through the 
water, like other cuttle fish, with the broad part of the body forwards. 
The flat orbicular shell of the Chinese umbrella ( Umbrella), and the 
horny thin silvery shells found under the skin on the backs of Pleuro- 
branchus and Berthella . The Limpets {Patella). Scaly Chitons 
{Chitons). Spiny Chiton {Acanthopleura). Leathery Chiton ( To- 
nichia). Fasciculated Chiton {Acanthochetes). Chitonella, or sea 
caterpillars, and the Amiculce, or shelless chitons. 
Table 24 — 30. The various genera of Land Shells, as the shelly 
plates which are found under the skin of the slugs and the different kinds 
of snails or Helices : as the Streptaxis, which has the axis bent on one 
side, as if the shell was crushed. The Grecian lamp, {Helix Anas - 
toma, ) w T hich has the mouth turned up towards the whorls on the upper 
surface of the shell. The Proserpina, which has the cavity of the shell 
furnished with large continuous folds. 
Tables 27 — 29. Land Shells continued: as the different kinds of 
Bulimi; the puppets {Pupa); the closed shell {Clausilia), which 
