24 
Transactions Texas Academy of Science. 
[ 70 ] 
The boiler utilized about seventy-eight per cent, of the heat of the fuel, 
which represents the best average boiler practice, and the percentage of 
steam consumed by the burners is a minimum for steam jet burners. 
The evaporation from and at 212° F. per pound of buckwheat coal 
(anthracite) was 9.17 and 8.94 pounds of water (for the 93 and 119- 
horse power boilers). The coal afforded 11.6 per cent of ash and 14,680 
B. T. TJ. for pound of combustible when burned in oxygen in a calori- 
meter. 
Ratio of oil to coal— 15.1—9.17=1.66. 
Number of barrels of oil equivalent to 2240 pounds of anthracite 
coal, 4.23. 
For producing horse power upon the commonly guaranteed basis of 
one horse power to ten square feet .of heating surface and with an aver- 
age percentage of moisture and ash in the coal: 
Evaporation per pound of wet coal, 8.75 pounds. 
Net evaporation per pound of oil from and at 212° F., 14.80. 
Ratio of oil to coal=14.8-h-8.75=1.69. 
Number of barrels of oil equivalent to 2240 pounds of coal, 4.12. 
In comparison with the bituminous coals mined west of Ohio and used 
in southwestern States the results are as follows : 
Pounds evaporation per pound of wet coal, 7.5. 
Pounds evaporation per pound of Beaumont oil, 14.8. 
Ratio 14.8-^7.5=1.97. 
Three and fifty-four hundredths barrels of oil are equivalent to 2240 
pounds of coal.” 
The McAlester coal used in Texas is about equal to the bituminous 
coal referred to above. At present the Beaumont oil is sold to the city 
of Austin at fifty cents per barrel, delivered, while McAlester coal costs 
wholesale about $5.00 per ton. The three and one-half barrels of oil can 
be obtained for $1.75 against $5.00 for an equivalent amount of coal. 
A small dam has been utilizing the power of the Llano river at Llano 
for several years. The two channels on each side of the turtle-back 
formation are dammed by wooden structures. The frame work consists 
of a triangular brace of cedar posts bolted into the granite, and on these 
longitudinal purlins are spiked, forming a base for the facing plank. 
The wooden part on the south side is about 150 feet, while that on the 
north is about 100 feet. The general course of that part of the dam that 
covers the south channel and the granite hump is at right angles to the 
axis of the river, but the northern end deflects about forty degrees to butt 
the end of the dam into a granite ledge. The total length of the dam is. 
about 600 feet, and at the power house on the right (south) bank is a 
head of nine feet. The present power is developed by two Leffel turbines 
forty and forty-four inches in diamter. The plant supplies the city 
water system, the electric light system, a polishing plant, and will soon 
