Bufo woodhousii fowleri 
67 
2X3 nested ANOVA. Juvenile SVL was analyzed with a one-way 
ANOVA. We used Tukey’s w-test (Steel and Torrie 1980) to com- 
pare mean toad SVL and mass for each year and location. Size 
frequency distributions were tested with probit analysis (Harding 1949). 
The level of accepted significance was 95% (P < 0.05). 
Horizontal starch (12%) gel electrophoresis was performed on 
muscle in toe clips taken from 25 toads at each location (N = 50) 
on 30 April and 23 May 1989. Muscle from toe clips was homog- 
enized in 200 pL of ice cold buffer and centrifuged at 10,000 g 
for 10 minutes. Proteins were originally separated using four buff- 
ers of different pH and composition (0.1445 M tris, 0.0471 M cit- 
rate, TC, pH 7.0; 0.0100 M tris, 0.0100 M maleate, 0.0013 M 
EDTA, 0.0010 MgCl 2 , TM, pH 7.4; 0.0884 M N-3-aminopropylmor- 
pholine, 0.0399 M citrate, AC, pH, 7.0; 0.0300 M lithium hydrox- 
ide, 0.1126 M boric oxide, LiOH A, pH 8.2; 0.0503 M tris, 0.0080 
M citrate, LiOH B, pH 8.7) to determine the system best suited to 
identify enzyme polymorphisms. Buffers were those described by 
Selander and Yang (1969) and Clayton and Tretiak (1972). The 
following enzymes (EC number, locus abbreviation, buffer) were re- 
solved from prepared homogenates: lactate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.27, 
Ldh, TC), malate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.37, Mdh, TC), phosphoglu- 
comutase (5. 4. 2. 2, Pgm TC), peptidase 3.4.-.-, Ap, LiOH). Proteins 
were separated over 14 hours at 165 V for TC gels and 180 V for 
LiOH gels. Protein assays were modified from methods described 
by Shaw and Prasad (1970) and Harris and Hopkinson (1976). Al- 
lele frequency, deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, poly- 
/V 
morphism, single locus heterozygosity (H), and mean heterozygosity 
(H) were calculated from the seven loci resolved (Hartl 1988, Smith 
1989). A locus was considered to be polymorphic if the frequency 
of the most common allele was less than 0.99. 
RESULTS 
Two hundred forty-one adult toads were captured in 1988, and 
139 adult toads were captured in 1989. The high percentage of 
recaptures (60.0%) for mainland toads in 1988 (Table 1) precipi- 
tated the termination of the study on the mainland because indi- 
viduals were consistently recaptured after only 9 days of mark and 
release. This suggested that the mainland population was adequately 
sampled to describe the status of the toads in the study area even 
though less time was allocated for trapping toads on the mainland. 
Trapping rates in 1988 support this assumption. Trapping rates (number 
of individuals per day ± 1 SE) were significantly greater for the 
island (11.9 ± 2.5) than the mainland (1.4 ± 0.5). 
