172 Michael R. Lusk, Michael J. Lacki, and Richard A. Lancia 
Table 1. Microhabitat variable classes selected for measurement. 
Stratum 
Variable Class 
Method 
Overstory 
canopy closure 
densiometer 
nearest 
tree size 
point-quarter 
nearest 
tree distance 
point-quarter 
Understory 
nearest 
tree size 
point-quarter 
nearest 
tree distance 
point-quarter 
Over/understory 
richness 
species total 
% evergreenness 
point-quarter 
Shrub 
% total cover 
line intercept 
% species cover 
line intercept 
richness 
species total 
Herb 
% total cover 
line intercept 
% species cover 
line intercept 
richness 
species total 
Forest floor 
log diameter 
dbh tape 
log distance 
tape measure 
% bare soil 
line intercept 
% exposed rock 
line intercept 
% leaf litter 
line intercept 
depth leaf litter 
ruler 
Soil 
resistance 
penetrometer 
