New or Rare Fishes 
57 
has been recorded infrequently from scattered locations in the Gulf 
of Mexico (Bullock and Smith 1991, Boschung 1992) and is also known 
from the Bahamas through the Caribbean to Brazil (Bullock and Smith 
1991, Heemstra and Randall 1993). Until recently, the only record 
of Spanish flag outside the above distribution was of a single, pelagic 
larva collected off Cape Fear, North Carolina (Kendall and Fahay 
1979). Intensive sampling of the Carolinian snapper/grouper commercial 
fishery has yielded the following adult specimens, all collected by 
hook and line over hard bottoms: UF 45042 (208 mm SL), 33°53'N, 
76°35'W in 101 m, 1 July 1987; specimen lost (247 mm TL), 33°31.3'N, 
76°56.5AV in 40 m, 15 June 1988; specimen sold (250 mm TL), southern 
Onslow Bay, North Carolina in 46 m, September 1990; UF98891 (gravid 
female, 182 mm SL), northern Long Bay, North Carolina, 13 November 
1991; specimen released, northern Long Bay in 40 m, January 1993; 
specimen sold (230 mm TL), northern Long Bay in 30 m, July 1993; 
UF 98892 (gravid female, 180 mm SL), southern Onslow Bay, 15 
November 1993; specimen sold (220 mm TL), northern Long Bay 
in 36 m, January 1994. This species occurs regularly on hard bottoms 
of the Carolinian outer continental shelf, and the occurrence of both 
adults (two in spawning condition) and larvae indicates that a reproducing 
population exists in the South Atlantic Bight. 
Carangidae 
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider 1801) 
The circumglobal, antitropical range of the white trevally includes 
the western Indian Ocean, the Indo-West Pacific, the Mediterranean 
Sea, the eastern Atlantic, mid-Atlantic islands, southern Brazil, and 
Bermuda (Smith-Vaniz 1984). The first record (UF 42779, 565 mm 
FL, 526 mm SL) from the United States continental shelf was taken 
with hook and line off the Carolinas (33°14'N, 77°16'W) on 19 February 
1985 in 91 m. Two other large specimens (both marketed) were taken 
by hook and line: one on 16 November 1985 (835 mm FL) near 33°15 N, 
77°24'W in 46-55 m and one on 3 February 1986 (802 mm FL) near 
33°06'N, 77°55'W in 49 m. A fourth specimen (ANSP 159577, 785 
mm FL) was collected by hook and line in 88 m between 30 July 
and 5 August 1987 at 33°16.5'N, 77°15'W. One large P. dentex was 
captured (hook and line) and released off the Cape Fear, North Carolina 
area in 42 m on 3 August 1989. Several of the commercial fishermen 
recognized this species as different (referring to it as “guelly jack”) 
and, in addition to the above specimens, they had records of other 
catches of it from similar areas off Cape Fear. The fisherman who 
produced the first specimen (above) reported that he had seen P. dentex 
