100 
Christopher S. Hobson and J. Nathaniel Holland 
CONCLUSIONS 
Although foraging habitat and roost site use by M. sodalis in 
Virginia are based on data from one bat, our study is consistent with 
studies conducted in other geographic regions. Because the male M. 
sodalis remained in the vicinity of the hibernaculum during spring, 
our study suggests that foraging areas and tree roosting habitats for 
male M. sodalis may be found near hibernacula. Conservation practices 
dictate that identification and protection of roosting and foraging habitat 
is necessary for bat conservation efforts. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS — We thank J. W. Leffler, R. Reynolds, 
L. West, and L. Miller for assistance with field work, and the U.S. 
Forest Service for providing needed resources. This research was funded 
by the Non-game Division, Virginia Department of Game and Inland 
Fisheries, and the Center for Protection, Utilization, and Management 
of Water Resources, Tennessee Technological University. We are grateful 
for comments provided by J. R. Belthoff, J. W. Leffler, R. Reynolds, 
and S. M. Roble on a previous version of this manuscript. 
LITERATURE CITED 
Brower, J. E., J. H. Zar, and C. N. von Ende. 1989. Field and labora- 
tory methods for general ecology. Third Edition. Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 
Iowa. 
Cope, J. B., and S. R. Humphrey. 1977. Spring and autumn swarming 
behavior in the Indiana bat, Myotis sodalis. Journal of Mammalogy 
58(1):93— 95. 
Dalton, V. M. 1987. Distribution, abundance, and status of bats hiber- 
nating in caves in Virginia. Virginia Journal of Science 38:369-379. 
Gardner, J. E., J. D. Garner, and J. E. Hofman. 1989. A portable mist 
netting system for capturing bats with emphasis on Myotis sodalis 
(Indiana bat). Bat Research News 30:1-7. 
Gardner, J. E., J. D. Garner, and J. E. Hofman. 1990. Progress report: 
1989 and 1990 investigations of Myotis sodalis (Indiana bat) distri- 
bution, habitat use, and status in Illinois. Unpublished report. United 
States Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cities, Minnesota. 
Hall, J. S. 1962. A life history and taxonomic study of the Indiana bat, 
Myotis sodalis. Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery, Scientific 
Publication 12:1-68. 
Harvey, M. J. 1992. Bats of the eastern United States. Arkansas Game 
and Fish Commission, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and 
Tennessee Technological University. 
Humphrey, S. R. 1978. Status, winter habitat, and management of the 
endangered Indiana bat, Myotis sodalis. Florida Scientist 41(2):65-76. 
