64 natural history. (Minerals.) [north 
In the six following Cases the Oxides of the electro-positive metals 
are deposited. 
Case 13 contains the oxides and hydrous oxides of manganese , 
formerly distinguished as foliated, compact, and earthy grey manganese ; 
but now, from chemical and crystallographical distinctive characters, 
divided into the species called mang unite, pyrolusite, psilomelane, 
hausmannite , hraunite , &c., to several of which, but particularly the 
first two, may be referred the earthy manganese or wad, (a name also 
frequently given to earthy cobalt,) some varieties of which exhibit 
spontaneous combustion when mixed with linseed oil. 
Case 14. In this and the two following Table Cases are deposited 
most of the oxides of iron : — magnetic iron-ore , (magneteisenstein of 
Werner,) a compound of protoxide and peroxide of iron, most of the 
varieties of which are strongly attracted by the magnet, while some of 
them possess polarity, of which several specimens are placed in this 
Table Case : — crystallized, compact and granular varieties, in ser- 
pentine, chlorite-slate, &c. ; variety with granular quartz, from the East 
Indies, which yields the wootz, or salam- steel, remarkable for its hard- 
ness ; magnetic iron-sand. 
Case 15. Specular oxide or iron-glance , among the specimens of 
which may be specified those from Elba, much admired for 
their beautiful iridescence and play of colours; the variety in large 
laminar crystals appearing like polished steel, from Stromboli and 
Vesuvius ; — the micaceous iron-ore of Werner, belonging partly to 
this species, partly to hydrous oxide of iron ; — also the red iron-ore , 
generally divided into compact red iron-stone and red hematite , may 
be considered as a variety only of this species. 
Case 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or brown iron-stone, among the 
most remarkable varieties of which species are, the micaceous, called 
gothite, in delicate transparent tables of a blood- red colour ; that in fine 
scales coating the cells of lava ; a shining brownish-black variety used 
as hair powder by the Bootchuana natives beyond the Great River in 
South Africa ; the fibrous brown iron-stone or brown hematite ; the 
compact and the ochrey brown iron-stone. With these are placed speci- 
mens of several sub-species of argillaceous or clay iron-stone, such as the 
columnar, the reniform, the pisiform (pea-ore) ; among the varieties here 
deposited of this latter, is a sample of the rounded and angular grains 
from the size of a millet-seed to that of a small hazel nut, which, on the 
10th of August, 1841, descended as a shower at Iwan, in the Comitate 
of Oedenburg in Hungary, and were considered as a new species of real 
meteorites, until their terrestrial origin was fully ascertained by micro- 
scopic observation and analysis. 
Case 17. Oxide of copper : — red or ruby -copper compact, foliated, 
and fibrous: one of the more remarkable is the bright-red capillary 
variety from Rheinbreitenbaeh, called chalcotrichite, (in which selenium 
has been discovered by Kersten,)and from the Bank mines in Siberia ; 
— the ferruginous red oxide of copper or tile-ore, an intimate mixture 
of red copper and brown iron-ochre from Hungary, Siberia, &c. ; — the 
tenorite of Semmola, a pure oxide of copper occurring in six-sided 
filmy plates, on the rifts of some Vesuvian lavas ; — the black oxide or 
copper-black, generally mixed with Rje oxides of iron and manganese. 
— Oxide of bismuth or bismuth-ochre, from Saxony and Bohemia — 
