572 
APPENDIX. 
[C. 
on the north of Morgan’s Island, is composed, at the base, of 
granite; and Mount Caledon, on the west side of Caledon Bay, 
seems likewise to consist of that rock, as does also Melville 
Island. This part of the coast has afforded the ferruginous 
oxide of manganese : and brown hematite is found hereabouts 
in considerable quantity, on the shore at the base of the 
cliffs ; forming the cement of a breccia, which contains frag- 
ments of sand-stone, and in which the ferruginous matter ap- 
pears to be of very recent production ; — resembling, perhaps, 
the hematite observed at Edinburgh by Professor Jameson, 
around cast-iron pipes which had lain for some time in 
sand *. 
The general range of the coast, it will be observed, from 
Limmen’s Bight to Cape Arnhem, is from south-west to 
north-east ; and three conspicuous ranges of islands on the 
north-western entrance of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the ap- 
pearance of which is so remarkable as to have attracted the 
attention of Captain Flinders t, have the same general di- 
rection : a fact which is probably not unconnected with the 
general structure of the country. The prevailing rock in all 
these islands appears to be sand-stone. 
The line of the main coast from Point Dale to the bottom 
of Castlereagh Bay, where Captain King’s survey was re- 
sumed, has also a direction from south-west to north-east, 
parallel to that of the ranges of islands just mentioned. 
The low land near the north coast in Castlereagh Bay, and 
from thence to Goulburn Islands, is intersected by one 
of the few rivers yet discovered in this part of Australia, 
— a tortuous and shallow stream, named Liverpool River, 
which has been traced inland to about forty miles from the 
* Edinb. Phil. Jour., July, 1825, p. 193. 
t Flinders, Vol. II., p. 158. — See hereafter, p. 598. 
