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APPENDIX. 
A. and west monsoons, for such is their direction in the mid- 
Scct. Ill, |.|^g Coast of New Holland the regularity of 
N. Coast, these winds is partly suspended by the rarefied state of 
the atmosphere; this produces land and sea-breezes, but the 
former are principally from the quarter from which the winds 
are blowing in the mid sea. The usual course of the winds 
near the coast in the months of April, May, and June, is 
as follows: after a calm night, the land-wind springs up 
at daylight from South or S.S.E. ; it then usually freshens, 
but, as the sun gets higher, and the land becomes heated, 
gradually decreases. At noon the sea-wind rushes in to- 
wards the land, and generally blows fresh from East ; at 
sunset it veers to the N.E., and falls calm, which lasts 
the whole night, so that if a ship, making a course, does 
not keep at a moderate distance from the land, she is 
subject to delay ; she would not, however, probably have 
so fresh a breeze in the day time. Later in the season of 
the easterly monsoon, in August, September, and October, 
calms are frequent, and the heat is sultry and oppressive ; 
this weather sometimes lasts for a fortnight or three weeks 
at a time. The easterly monsoon commences about the 1st 
of April, with squally rainy weather, but, in a week or ten 
days, settles to fine weather and steady winds in the offing, 
and regular land and sea breezes, as above described, 
near the coast. It ceases about the latter end of November 
or early part of December; the westerly monsoon may then 
be expected to blow strong, and perhaps with regularity. 
This is the rainy season, and is doubtless an unwhole- 
some time ; Captain Flinders’s crew experienced much sick- 
ness in his examination of the Gulf of Carpentaria during 
this monsoon, but, when upon the western side of the gulf, 
he thought that the fine weather then experienced might be 
occasioned by the monsoon’s blowing over the land. In 
