lviii 
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ORDERS AND GENERA. 
Subdivision I. JNGI0STERM2E. 
Ovules enclosed in an ovary, and the seeds in a seed-vessel. 
Subclass I. Thalamiflorse. Flowers with both calyx and corolla. 
Petals free, and stamens usually inserted immediately beneath the pistil or 
ovaries. Ovary always superior. 
Exceptions : Petals 0 in Clematis , Myosurus , Caltha , some species of Cruciferce , Colo- 
banthus, and Ste/laria, united at the base in some Portulacece and Malvacea. 
Sepals absent in one Pittosporum. ; petaloid in Clematis and Caltlm. 
Stamens perigynous in some Stel/aria and Colobanthus. 
§ 1. Anthers adnate, opening by lateral slits. Pistil apocarpous. 
1. Ranunculaceee. Sepals 3-10, often petaloid. Petals 0, or 5-20. 
Stamens indefinite. Fruit of many or few achenes or follicles. — Herbs or 
opposite-leaved climbers (p. 1). 
Of the four genera, three have petaloid sepals and no petals. 
2. Magnoliacese. Sepals and petals forming together three or more 
series, imbricate in aestivation. Carpel 1 or more. — Tree with alternate 
exstipulate leaves (p. 9). 
§ 2. Anthers opening toioards the stigma ( inwards ). Pistil syncarpous. Placentas 
parietal (rarely axile in PittosporeseJ. 
3. Cruciferae. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 6, 4 longer than the 
others. — Herbs with alternate or rosulate exstipulate leaves (p. 10). 
One Lepidium is rather shrubby. 'Nasturtium sometimes wants petals, and two or more 
of the stamens. 
4. Violarieae. Sepals and petals 5. Anthers 5, their connectives 
enlarged or produced upwards, often connate. Placentas usually 3. — Herbs 
or shrubs, with alternate, stipulate leaves (p. 15). 
5. Pittosporeae. Sepals, petals, and stamens 4 or 5. Placentas 
usually 2. Capsule coriaceous or woody, 2-valved. — Shrubs or trees, with usu- 
ally opposite, evergreen, exstipulate leaves (p. 18). 
Ovary sometimes 2-5 -celled. Calyx apparently absent in one Pittosporum. 
§ 3. Pistil syncarpous , 1 -celled. Placenta basal. 
6. Caryophyileae. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5 or 0, free. Stamens 
4 or 5, 8 or 10, hypogynous or perigynous. — Herbs with opposite, entire 
leaves. Flowers white or green (p. 22). 
Petals absent in some Stellarice and Colobanthus. Stamens perigynous in Colobanthus , 
7. Portulaceae. Sepals 2. Petals 5, usually united at the base. Sta- 
mens 5, usually opposite and adherent to the bases of the petals. — Herbs 
with opposite alternate or imbricate leaves. Flowers white (p. 26). 
§ 4. Pistil more or less syncarpous, 2- or more-celled. Placentas axile. Pish; 0, 
or a raised torus. 
8. Elatinese. Sepals and petals 2-5, all free, imbricate. Stamens de- 
finite, hypogynous, free. Ovary 2-5-celled; ovules many. — Small, creeping 
water-herb. Leaves opposite, stipulate, pellucid-dotted. Flowers minute, 
solitary, axillary (p. 28). 
