Raoulia .] 
XXXIX. COMPOSITE. 
151 
rather dilated at the obtuse tip, membranous, coriaceous ; margins cottony, 
glabrous below the upper i, above that covered with appressed silky wool, 
1 -nerved. Heads £ in. diam., about 12-flowered ; involucral scales with 
white, subacute, radiating tips ; receptacle tumid. Pappus-hairs few, rigid, 
with thickened tips. Achene with very long white hairs and a thickened areole 
at the base. 
Middle Island : top of Gordon’s Nob, Munro ; Clarence and Wairau valleys, alt. 3000- 
4000 ft., Sinclair, Travers. 
14. GNAPHALIUM, Linn. 
Herbs of very various habit, annual or perennial, the New Zealand species 
all more or less densely covered on the leaves below, or all over, with white 
cottony wool. Heads solitary or corymbose or fascicled. — Involucre campanu- 
late hemispherical or turbinate ; scales narrow, in several series, all similar, 
scarious and shining, or the inner produced into white spreading rays. Recep- 
tacle flat or conic, papillose or alveolate. Florets of ray female, in 1 or more 
series, very slender, tubular, 3-5-toothed ; of disk hermaphrodite, funnel-shaped 
above. Anthers with slender tails. Pappus hairs in one series, slender or 
stout and thickened at the tip, slightly cohering at the base. Achene small, 
linear-oblong, usually pubescent. 
I have in vain sought to arrange the New Zealand Gnaphalia and Heliclirysa under these 
genera as defined by De Candolle and other authors, any separation of them into these involves 
bringing together plants most different, and separating most closely allied ones. Thus, those 
with white radiating involucral scales form, I think, a most natural genus or group ; hut I 
cannot identify them as a group either with Helichrysum, Antennaria, or Anaphalis, of 
authors, to many species of which they seem naturally allied. The bracteate species again so 
closely resemble the European and Himalayan Leontopndia, that they seem naturally con- 
generic, but they differ in several very important floral characters. I have not neglected to 
examine Weddell’s character of the pappus hairs cohering or free at the base, but cannot apply 
it to the New Zealand species, in all of which the hairs very partially cohere, but are so 
readily separated that the character is valueless. The thickness of the pappus hairs, and 
their thickening upwards, constitutes an excellent character, and generally goes with that 
of the outer florets being in one series ; these together should perhaps distinguish the New 
Zealand Helichrysa or Antennaria from Gnaphulium, and I have indicated them accord- 
ingly under the former name. 
1. Heads solitary, inner involucral scales white, radiating. Florets of circumference 
in several series. Pappus hairs very slender. 
Stem 8-18 in. Leaves J in., apiculate. Head sessile 1. G. prostratum. 
Stem 2-10 in. Leaves 5 in., apiculate. Head on long peduncle . 2. G. bellidioides. 
Stem very short, densely tufted. Leaves obtuse. Head sessile . . 3. G. Youngii. 
2. Heads corymbose, not bracteate. Inner involucral scales white, radiating. Florets of 
circumference in many series ( except in 7). Pappus hairs very slender ( except 7). 
Stem robust. Leaves 2 x i— j in. Corymbs dense. Heads 1 in. diam. 4. G. Lyallii. 
Stems slender. Leaves 1—1 in. Heads few, § in. diam 5. G. trinerve. 
Stem slender. Leaves 1-2 in. Heads 1 in. diam 6 . G. Keriense. 
Stem 2-4 in. Leaves tomentose on both sides. Heads numerous, 
i in. diam 7. G- Sinclairii. 
3. Heads solitary. Inner involucral scales not white and radiating. 
Stem filiform, erect. Leaves scattered, cottony below 8 . G. filicaule. 
Leaves radical, densely cottony on both sides. Scape cottony . . 9. G. Traversii. 
