LXVIII. S ANTALACEjE 
247 
2. SANTALUM, Linn. 
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate. Flowers green, in axil- 
lary cymes, hermaphrodite. — Perianth-tube campanulate, with 4 or 5 spi’ead- 
ing, ovate-triangular, deciduous leaflets, having a tuft of hairs at the inner base 
of each. Stamens 4 or 5 ; filaments short; anthers ovoid. Disk concave, 
4- or 5-lobed. Ovary superior in the bud, afterwards inferior ; style conic or 
cylindric, stigmas 2-4 ; ovules 2-4. Drupe inferior, globose or turbinate, 
crowned with the remains of the perianth, 1-seeded. Seed inverse; albumen 
fleshy ; embryo cylindric ; cotyledons very short. 
A genus of few species, scattered through the tropics of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific 
islands. Several species produce Sandal-wood. 
1. S. Cunninghamii, JJoofc. f. FI. N. Z. i. 223. A small tree. Leaves 
excessively variable, alternate, opposite in young plants, shortly petioled, 2-4 
in. long, from narrow linear-lanceolate to broad obovate, veined, minutely 
dotted. Flowers green, in short axillary cymes. Perianth in. long ; 
tube hemispherical ; lobes 4 or 5, deciduous. Drupe nearly £ in. long. — ■ 
S. Mida, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 563 and 575 ; Mida salicifolia, eucalyptoides, 
and myrtifolia, A. Cunn. 
Northern Island : from the east coast, northwards, A. Cunningham, etc. 
Order LXIX. EUPHORBIACE.®. 
Herbs trees or shrubs, usually abounding in milky juice. Leaves various, 
alternate or opposite, often stipulate. Inflorescence very various. Flowers 
always unisexual (incomplete males are crowded round a female in Euphor- 
bia, within an involucre, which hence resembles a perianth). — Stamens few 
or many ; anthers usually didymous. Perianth 0, or very various from a 
scale to an almost perfect perianth in 2 rows. Ovary usually 2- or 3-lobed, 
2- or 3-celled ; style 2- or 3-lobed ; segments stigmatic along the inner face ; 
ovules 1 or 2, pendulous in each cell. Fruit very various, a 2- or 3-valved 
capsule in the New Zealand genera, consisting of 3 carpels, finally separating 
and dehiscing dorsally. Seeds pendulous, albuminous ; embryo with flat 
cotyledons and small radicle. 
One of the largest and most important Orders of plants, containing a vast number of diffe- 
rent forms, with flowers of very different structure, found in all parts of the world, but rare 
in cold countries. The Croton-oil, Castor-oil (almost naturalized in the Northern Island), 
and a vast number of other medicinal and economic plants belong to it. 
Herbs. Flowers collected in a perianth-like involucre, $ of naked sta- 
mens, 9 °f a simple, naked pistil 1. Euphorbia. 
Shrubs or trees. Flowers in long, slender spikes 2. Carumbium. 
1. EUPHORBIA, Linu. 
Herbs, with abundant milky juice, rarely shrubs or subarboreous. Leaves 
opposite or alternate, quite entire or toothed. Flowers usually in terminal 
cymes. — Involucre (resembling a perianth) urceolate or cup-shaped, contain- 
ing many stamens of unequal length, the filaments jointed in the middle. 
