Likocedrus.] 
LXXV. CONIFERS. 
257 
2. L. Bidwillii, Ilook. f. Young leaves and branches similar to 
L. Boniana, but not so broad, old branches with fastigiate 4-gonous twigs, 
•jSg- in. diam. 
Northern Island : Ruahine mountain, Colenso. Middle Island : abundant from the 
Nelson mountains, where it ascends to 6000 feet, Bidwill, to Otago, where, at Dunedin, it 
descends to 2000 ft. Haast’s Pass, alt. 1000 ft., Haast. I advance this species with much 
hesitation ; it is difficult to suppose that a timber-tree described as having excellent wood, and 
growing at the Bay of Islands at the level of the sea (I gathered L. Boniana on the banks of 
the Kawa-kawa river), should be the same as one inhabiting the mountains of the Middle Is- 
land, and described by Buchanan as having soft, worthless wood ; but I can find very little 
difference between the specimens. The fruiting and other branches of all my specimens of 
L. Boniana are fiat; of some of those of L. Bidwillii also flat ; but of most, including all 
the fruiting ones, tetragonous. This is a character however of little importance in these 
Conifers. My cones of L. Bidwillii are unripe, and therefore can only be compared with 
unripe ones of Boniana, which they entirely resemble. Buchanan says that the heartwood 
of L. Bidwillii is so soft that soap-bubbles may be blown through a foot length of it. Colenso 
says his Ruahine mountain plant is quite distinct from the Bay of Islands one, and is called 
“ Pahautea,” but gives no distinctive characters. 
3. PODOCARPUS, L’Heritier. 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves very various, scattered or imbricate or disti- 
chous, large or minute, often of 2 forms on each plant or branch of the plant. 
— Inflorescence dioecious or monoecious. Male: axillary or terminal, spiked 
racemed or solitary cylindric cones, formed of imbricating stamens ; anthers 
sessile; cells 2, pendulous from a peltate connective. Female : a short rachis, 
with 1 or 2 scales, each bearing an inverted ovule adnate to its face. Drupe 
inverted, with a ridge on one side (the adnate scale), seated on a fleshy pe- 
duncle. 
A considerable genus, found in various mountain-districts of the tropics, in Japan, and in 
the south temperate zone commonly, but not in Eastern Asia, Europe, or North America. 
Leaves uniform, all linear. Male catkins solitary or 2 or 3. 
Leaves distichous, falcate, Hi in., acute 1. P . ferruginea. 
Leaves imbricate, erect or recurved, i-J in., obtuse 2. P. nivalis. 
Leaves distichous or imbricate, -g-li iu., rigid, pungent .... 3. P. Totara. 
Leaves uniform, distichous, linear, obtuse. Male catkins spiked . . 4. P. spicata 
Leaves some in. distichous, falcate, others r V in., imbricate ... 5. P. dacrydioides. 
1. P. ferruginea, Bon; — FI. N. Z. i. 232. A lofty timber-tree, 
50-80 ft. high; trunk 3 ft. diam. ; bark rather scaling; wood brittle, close- 
grained, durable, reddish. Leaves distichous, linear, acute, falcate, 1-nerved, 
5 —f- in. long, red-brown when dry. Male catkins axillary, solitary, shorter than 
the leaves ; connective obtuse. Drupe f in. long, red-purple, glaucous. — Hook. 
Ic. PI. t. 542. 
Northern Island: common in woods, Banks and Solander, etc. Middle Island: 
Otago, ascending to 1000 ft. “Black Pine” of the colonists, Hector and Buchanan. 
Drupes taste of turpentine, greedily eaten by birds. 
2. P. nivalis. Hook. f. FI. N. Z. i. 232. A small, woody, densely 
branched shrub, 1-20 ft. high ; trunk 3 ft. diam. Leaves not distichous, 
spreading or recurved, very thick and coriaceous, \ in. long, linear-oblong, 
obtuse, apiculate ; midrib stout, green when dry. Male catkins short, often 3 
together; connective obtuse. Drupe apparently dry.— Hook. Ic. PI. t. 582. 
VOL. i. s 
