280 
VI. NAIADES. 
[ZannichelUd. 
opposite or alternate, very slender, with sheathing membranous stipules. — 
Flowers unisexual, very minute, axillary, sessile, naked, usually in pairs (male 
and female). Male, a solitary stamen; filament very slender; anther 2-4- 
celled. Female, 2-5 carpels in a cup-shaped involucre ; stigma peltate ; ovule 
solitary, suspended. Fruit of usually 4 curved, stalked, narrow, beaked nuts. 
Embryo bent upon itself; cotyledon slender. 
A genus of few species, scattered over the globe. 
1. Z. palustris, Linn . ; — FI. N. Z. i. 237. A very slender aquatic, 
forming tangled masses in fresh or brackish water. Stems capillary, 3-12 in. 
long, branched. Leaves almost filiform, 2-3 in. long. Nuts shortly stalked, 
in. long, with filiform styles as long as themselves. 
Northern Island: east coast, Colenso, in fresh water. Abundant in Europe and Aus- 
tralia, and generally in temperate as well as tropical countries. 
Some other both fresh and salt-water plants of this Order may be found in New Zealand, 
as Cymodocea and Posidonia, both marine, and common in Australia. 
Order YIT. LILIACEiE. 
( Including Smilace.e, AsphoDELea, and Asteeiea:.) 
Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, of very various habit, sometimes ( Rhipoyonum ) 
climbing. — Flowers usually hermaphrodite and regular. Perianth inferior, of 
G coloured leaflets in 2 series, free or combined into a tube. Stamens 6, at- 
tached to the perianth or free from it ; anthers bursting inwards, attached bv 
a point. Ovary superior, 3-celled (1-celled in some Asteli.ee) ; style simple, 
stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 2 or more (rarely 1) in each cell. Fruit a membra- 
nous or coriaceous, 3-celled, loculicidallv 3-valved capsule, or an indehiscent 
1-3-celled berry. Seeds few or numerous, globose or flattened ; testa crus- 
taceous or membranous ; albumen horny ; embryo terete, straight or curved. 
A very large Order, found in all parts of the world but the coldest. 
A. Fruit a berry. Seeds turyid ; testa membranous. Leaf-veins netted (Sinilacese). 
Climbing shrub. Ovary-cells 1-ovuled 1. Rhipogonum. 
Small herb. Ovary-cells few-ovuled 2. Callixene. 
B. Fruit a berry. Seeds globose or oblong ; testa crustaceous. 
Glabrous. Stem often arboreous. Filaments subulate .... 3. Cordyline. 
Glabrous herbs. Filaments curved, thickened upwards .... 4. Dianella. 
Herbs with villous silky or chaffy leaves. Flowers dioecious ... 5. Astelia. 
C. Fruit a 3-eelled, many-seeded capsule. Seeds flattened or angular ; testa usually 
black. 
Flowers white, panicled, spreading; pedicels jointed in middle 
Flowers racemed, yellow, spreading ; pedicels not jointed . 
Flowers panicled, green and orange, tubular, irregular . . 
Flowers solitary in spathes. Small herb 
1 . RHIPOGONUM, Forst. 
Climbing wiry shrubs. Leaves opposite and alternate, petioled, 3 -nerved, 
with netted venation. Flowers in spreading axillary and terminal racemes, 
hermaphrodite. — Perianth of 6 minute spreading leaflets. Stamens larger 
6. Arthropodium. 
7. Anthericuh. 
8. Phorhium. 
9. Herpolirion. 
