294 
X. RESTIACE/E. 
mens 1-6 (never 5) ; anthers 1-celled. Ovary 1-3-celled, or of 2 or more 
free or connate 1-celled carpels ; style simple, entire, terminating in 1 or more 
filiform stigmas ; ovules solitary and pendulous in each cell. — Fruit a small 
nut or utricle or 1 -many-celled capsule, 1- rarely 3-seeded. Seeds usually 
oblong ; testa membranous ; albumen copious ; embryo minute, lenticular. 
A large Order of obscure plants, most abundant in Australia and South Africa, very rare 
in Europe, the rush-like ones differing from Junceoe in the 1-celled anthers aud unisexual 
flowers ; the grass-like differing from the Grasses in the leaf-sheaths usually split to the base. 
and in the anthers, habit, and fruit. 
Flowers dioecious, in panicled spikelets. Perianth of 6 leaflets . . . 1. Leptocarpus. 
Flowers unisexual, few, hidden in the leaf-sheaths. Perianth of 6 leaflets 2. Calorophus. 
Flowers unisexual, within 2 glumes. Stamens 2. Stigmas 2 ... 3. Gaimardia. 
Flowers unisexual, within 2 glumes. Stamen 1 or 0. Stigmas or 
ovaries 2-18 .4. Alepyrum. 
1. LEPTOCARPUS, Br. 
Bush-like plants. Bhizome stout, creeping, scaly. Culms numerous, 
erect, terete, harsh, jointed, with sheaths at the joints. Male and female 
inflorescence often dissimilar. — Flowers dioecious, in cylindrical spikelets, 
which are panicled or fascicled. Male: Perianth of 6 dry leaflets in 2 series. 
Stamens 3, seated round a rudimentary ovary. Female: Perianth as in 
the male. Ovary 1-celled, 3-gonous ; stigmas 3, deciduous. Nut enclosed 
in the perianth, 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
A considerable genus, of which the following species is the only extra-Australian member. 
1. L. simplex, A. Rich. ; — FI. N. Z. i. 265, not Brown. Variable 
in size, 1—3 ft. high. Bhizomes stout, creeping, scaly ; scales chestnut- 
brown. Culms numerous, simple, slender or stout, terete, smooth. Sheaths 
distant, ^ in. long, 1-3 in. apart. Male : Spikelets cylindrical, red-brown, 
peduncled or sessile, in. long, often in lateral panicles ; peduncles gla- 
brous or downy. Glumes ovate-acuminate or lanceolate, longer than the ses- 
sile flowers. Outer perianth-segments lanceolate, acuminate ; inner half the 
size, oblong-lanceolate. Female .- Spikes clustered in ovoid heads, some- 
times \ in. long, and as broad. Glumes ovate-acuminate. Outer perianth- 
segments lanceolate ; inner smaller, oblong-lanceolate, retuse, apiculate. Stig- 
mas 3, slender. 
Northern and Middle Islands : abundant in marshy places, Banks and Solander, etc. 
Extensively used for thatching, etc. Very near the Tasmanian L. Brownii, Hook. f. (L. 
simplex, Br.), but the stigmas are much longer, and the inner perianth-leaflets of the 
female different. 
2. CALOROPHUS, Labill. 
Culms slender, long, flexuose, jointed, simple or excessively branched, with 
appressed distant sheaths, which sometimes terminate in small leaves at the 
joints.- — Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in short, minute, few-flowered spike- 
lets, that are hidden in the sheaths of the leaves, and surrounded by glumes. 
Male : Perianth of 6 long narrow leaflets. Stamens 3 ; anthers linear. 
Female .- Perianth of 2-6 very short truncate leaflets. Ovary 1-celled ; 
