296 
X. RESTlACEiE. 
[ Alepyrum . 
1. A. pallidum. Hook. f. FI. N. Z. i. 268. t. 62 C. A minute, tufted, 
moss-like, soft, pale green plant ; stems ^-1 in. high. Leaves J in. long, 
subulate ; sheaths broad, membranous, transparent. Scape shorter than the 
leaves. Stamen 1. Ovary solitary or 2-4, united in pairs or threes (or 2 
to each glume) ; styles very long . — Gaimardia (?) pallida, FI. Antarct. 86. 
Northern Island: tops of the Ruahine mountains, near the snow, Colenso. Camp- 
bell’s Island, forming tufts on the hills, J. D. H. 
Order XI. CYPEHACEiE. 
Grass-like or rush-like herbs, with fibrous roots. Culms solid, usually 3- 
gonous, sometimes compressed flat or terete ; sheaths not split to the base. 
— Flowers unisexual or hermaphrodite, in the axils of small scales (glumes), 
which form spikelets, being either imbricated all round a rachis or distichous. 
Glumes usually rigid, compressed, concave or convolute, obtuse cuspidate 
or awned, usually persistent, the lower empty or all floriferous. Perianth 
generally 0, sometimes of 3-6 or more hypogynous bristles or scales (the 
ovary of Car ex and Uncinia is contained in a utricle or false perianth). 
Stamens 1-6 ; filaments flat, slender, sometimes elongating after flowering ; 
anthers linear, inserted by the base, 2-celled, often with a claw at the tip. 
Ovary 1-celled; style 1, stigmas 1-3, filiform; ovule 1, erect, anatropous. 
Nut minute, compressed or 3-gonous. Seed filling the nut ; embryo at the 
base of copious floury albumen. 
An immense Natural Order, found in all parts of the world, distinguished from Grasses by 
the rarely round, solid culms ; leaf-sheaths not split to the base ; absence of evident ligule on 
the leaf; often 3-rauked leaves; anthers not versatile ; separable, thick pericarp ; stigmas 
not plumose; embryo not on one side of the base of the albumen, but at the very base; and 
structure of the spikes and spikelets. 
A. Spikelets 1- or more flowered. Flowers hermaphrodite. 
Spikelets compressed. Glumes few or many , persistent, more or less distichous ( rarely 
imbricated all round in Schnenus). 
Glumes many, keeled, all floriferous. Bristles 0 1. Cyperus. 
Glumes few, upper 1-3 floriferous. Bristles 0 or 3-6 .... 2. Schcenus. 
Glumes free, upper 1 floriferous. Bristles large, flat, plumose . . 3. Carpha. 
Spikelets terete. Glumes few or many, imbricate all round. (See Schocnus in previous 
section.) 
Spikelets usually lateral, numerous. Glumes many, most floriferous. 
Stamens 1-3. Bristles 2-8 _ 4. Scirpus. 
Spikelets solitary, terminal. Glumes as in Scirpus. Bristles 3-6 . 5. Eleocharis. 
Spikelets small, usually lateral. Glumes as in Scirpus. Bristles 0 6. Isolepis. 
Spikelets spirally arranged on the leafy culm. Glumes and flowers 
as in Scirpus 7. Desmoschcenus. 
Spikelets umbelled. Glumes many, most floriferous. Stamen 1. 
Base of style tumid, hairy 8. Fimbristylis. 
Spikelets fascicled. Glumes many or few, 1-3-floriferous. Bristles 0. 
Stamens 3, rarely elongating 9. Cradium. 
Spikelets panicled. Glumes few, 1 floriferous. Stamens 3-6, much 
elongating. Bristles or scales 0 10. Gahnia. 
Spikelets panicled. Glumes few, 1-2 floriferous. Stamens 3. Scales 
6, minute II- Lepidosper.ua. 
