304 
XJ. CYPERACEAi. 
[ Cladium . 
0. Stamens 3 ; filaments' rarely lengthening after flowering. Nut 3-gonous, 
usually terminated by the persistent, much enlarged base of the style, but 
triquetrous and cuspidate in C. Sinclairii. Stigmas 2 or 3. 
A large and widely diffused genus, especially in tropical countries and temperate Australia ; 
rarer in the north temperate hemisphere. The species differ from Gahnia more in habit 
than in any floral character. 
Culms and leaves terete. Filaments not elongating . Nut with a tumid top. 
Culms leafy. Bracts spathaceous. Glumes acuminate . . . . 1. C. glomeratum. 
Culms leafy. Bracts small. Glumes awned 2. C. teretifolium. 
Culms leafy. Pith jointed. Panicle very large 3. C. articulatum. 
Culms leafy. Panicle very long, slender. Spikelets 1-flowered . 4. C. Gunnii. 
Culms leafless. Sheaths very long, with small flattened tips . . 5. C.junceum. 
Culms and leaves flat. Filaments elongating. Nut with a %-quetrous 
cuspidate top 6. C. Sinclairii. 
1. C. glomeratum, Br. ; — FI. N. Z. i. 275. Culms stout, tufted, 1-2 
ft. high, glabrous, terete, soft, leafy; pith not jointed internally. Leaves 
terete, subulate. Panicle contracted, distantly much or sparingly branched, 
2-6 in. long ; bracts large, membranous, spathaceous, lower 1-2 in. long. 
Spikelets very numerous, fascicled, a. in. long. Glumes red-brown, ovate, acumi- 
nate, ciliate, glabrous at the back. Nut 3-gonous, polished ; top very large, 
tumid, acute, puberulous. — Fuirena rubiginosa, Sprengel. 
Northern and Middle Islands : clayey and marshy places, frequent, Banks and Solan- 
der, etc. A common Australian and Tasmanian plant. 
2. C. teretifolium, Br. ; — FI. N. Z. i. 276. Habit, size, and foliage 
of C. glomeratum, but panicle shorter, 2-4 in. long, much more dense ; 
primary branches shorter and closer together; bracts short, not spathaceous; 
glumes awned ; nut corky, longitudinally grooved and wrinkled. 
Northern Island : common in marshy places. Banks and So lander, etc. Middle 
Island : Canterbury, Sinclair and Haast. This is identical with C. teretifolium of Sieber’s 
‘ Agrostotheca,’ No. 6 (C. rigidifolium, Presl, according to Steudel, Synops. Cyp. 152) ; 
it is a native of New South Wales. 
3. C. articulatum, Br. ; — FI. N. Z. i. 276. Culms tufted, erect, 3-5 
ft. high, very stout, terete ; pith jointed internally. Leaves shorter than the 
culms, terete, pungent ; pith jointed like the culms. Panicle very large, lax, 
effuse, 6-10 in. long, drooping; branches long. Bracts short compared 
with the panicles. Spikelets very numerous, pale-brown, i in. long, 3- or 4- 
flowered. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, acute or very shortly awned, puberulous. 
Nut unripe, smooth with a large tumid top. Stigmas 2 or 3. 
Northern Island : Lake Rotoetara, Colenso ; Auckland, Sinclair. Also found in Aus- 
tralia and the Pacific Islands. 
4. G. Gunnii, Hook. f. — Lampocarga tenax, PL N. Z. i. 277. Culms 
tufted, very slender, 2-4 ft. high, terete, leafy at the base, compressed or 
grooved towards the top. Leaves like the culms, with pungent, subulate 
points ; sheaths long, narrow, red. Panicle very long, lax, slender, 6-24 in. 
long ; branches few, distant, very slender, few -flowered. Spikelets few, 
alternate, not crowded or fascicled, A in. long, 1-flowered. Glumes few, all 
long, lanceolate-subulate, very acuminate; upper awned, much larger, divari- 
cating in fruit. Nut pedicelled, turgid, 3-ribbed, glabrous ; top large, tumid. 
(Described chiefly from Australian specimens.) — FI. Tasm. ii. 95, 148 B. 
