Garex.] 
XI. CYPERACEAb 
311 
Culms stout or slender, obtusely or acutely 3-gonous. Leaves long, narrow, 
flat involute or keeled. — Spikelets solitary or numerous, simple or compound, 
usually arising from the sheaths of long, leafy bracts, unisexual or bisexual, 
oblong or linear, terete, many-flowered. Glumes imbricated all round the 
rachis, entire or 2-fid, obtuse cuspidate or awned, all floriferous. Male fl : 
stamens 3; ovary 0. Female: an ovary contained in a sessile or stalked, 
urceolate, compressed utricle ( perigynium of authors) ; style exserted ; stig- 
mas 2 or 3. Nut 3-gonous or flattened, included in the utricle, rarely ac- 
companied with a slender bristle which is not hooked at the tip. 
An immense genus, found in all parts of the world, but especially in mountainous regions ; 
it has been a subject of special study by my friend the late Dr. Boott, F.L.S., who prepared 
the descriptions of the New Zealand species (and of TJncinia) for the ‘New Zealand Flora.’ 
On re-examining the specimens with additional ones received since, for the present work, 
I have found it necessary to unite C. fascicularis, Soland., with C. Forsteri, Wahl., and C. 
secta, Boott, with C. virgata, Soland. ; and C. Lamiertiana, and perhaps vacillans should 
also be united with C. dissita, Soland. There are, no doubt, many other species to be found 
in New Zealand ; in the Middle Island they have been scarcely at all collected. 
A. Spilcelet solitary , simple, small ; upper part male. Stigmas usually 3. 
Culms 3-6 in., shorter than the flat leaves 1. C. pyrenaica. 
Culms 2-6 in., aud leaves wiry, terete, grooved 2. C. acicularis. 
B. Spikelets collected into a solitary compound spike , small , androgynous. Stigmas 2. 
Spikelets with male flowers below. 
Leaves llattish. Spikelets 1-3, pale.' Utricle ovate, beaked, ser- 
rate above 3. C. inversa. 
Leaves involute, wiry. Spikelets 1-4, brown. Utricle broad, 
not beaked, serrate above 4. C. Colensoi. 
Leaves keeled. Spikelets many, squarrose. Utricle spreading, 
longer than the glume 5. C. stellulata. 
Spikelets with male flowers above. ( Utricle with serrate wings above.) 
Culm 1-2 ft., slender. Spike short. Utricle as long as glume . 6. C. teretiuscula. 
Leaves 1-3 ft., £ in. diam., harsh. Spike very long and slender . 7. C. virgata. 
Leaves 1-3 ft., i-J in. diam., harsh. Spike very long and stout 8. C. appressa. 
C. Spikelets several , distinct, axillary, in long leafy bracts, usually peduncled. 
a. Spikelets all unisexual, or the female with a few male flowers at top. Stigmas 2. 
( Utricle not serrate above in any.) 
Spikelets 3-6, peduncled, erect. Glumes obtuse, smaller than 
the flat utricle 9. C. Gaudichaudiana . 
Spikelets 5-7, peduncled, erect. Glumes mucronate or cuspidate, 
smaller than the flat utricle 10. C. subdola. 
Spikelets 15-24, peduncled, long, pendulous, brown. Glume 
awned 11. C. ternaria. 
Spikelets 4, sessile, short, pale. Glumes cuspidate. Utricle 
shining 12. C. testacea. 
P. Spikelets all unisexual, or the females with male flowers below. Glumes cuspidate. 
Stigmas 2, rarely 3 in C. lucida. 
Spikelets 4-6, approximate, sessile, short 13. C. Raoulii. 
Spikelets 4-8, distant, peduncled, cylindric 14. C. lucida. 
y. Spikelets unisexual, or the females with a few male flowers above or below. Stigmas 3. 
f Utricles spreading after flowering , glabrous. 
Culm shorter than leaves. Spikelets short, crowded, brown . . 15. C.pumila. 
Culm tall, leafy. Spikelets cylindric, large, green 16. C. Forsteri. 
