Car ex.] 
XI. CYPERACE.'E. 
313 
3 or 4, very small, y^-yj in. long, very few-flowered, divaricating in fruit ; 
male flowers below, uppermost male only ; bracts 0. Glumes very few, ovate, 
acute, keeled, pale ; margins broad, membranous. Utricle longer than the 
glume, ovate, acuminate, 3-gonous, nerved, serrate at the margin, beaked, 
2-dentate. Stigmas 2. 
Northern Island : bogs near Lake Taupo, Colenso. Middle Island : Acheron valley, 
4000 ft., Travers. Also found throughout the temperate northern hemisphere, but only in 
New Zealand in the southern. 
6. C. teretiuscula, Goodenovcjli ; — FI. N. Z. i. 281. Culms tall, 
slender, erect, 1-2 ft. high, 3-quetrous, smooth or scabrid, grooved, leafy at 
the base only. Leaves shorter and broader than the culms, flat, deeply grooved ; 
margins scabrid. Spikelets very small, i- y in. long, collected into a linear 
head f in. long, few-flowered ; male flowers at the top ; bracteate or not. 
Glumes pale-brown, ovate, acute ; margins broad, membranous. Utricle 
about as long as the glume, ovate, plano-convex, nerved at the back, winged 
and serrate above ; beak 2-dentate. Stigmas 2. 
Northern Island : bogs, Tangoio village, Hawke’s Bay, Colenso. Middle Island : 
watercourses near Lake Okau, Haast ; Otago, lake district, Hector and Buchanan. Com- 
mon throughout the north temperate zone, but not found elsewhere in the southern. 
7. C. virgata, Solander ; — FI. N. Z. i. 283. Culms densely tufted, tall, 
harsh, leafy, 3-gonous, edges scabrid, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves rigid, flat, keeled, 
narrow, \ in. broad, much longer than the culms ; margins scabrid. Spike- 
lets very numerous, distantly spiked or panicled along the slender end of the 
culm, small, sessile, yhy in. long, pale brown ; male flowers at the top. Glumes 
ovate, acute, cuspidate or awned ; margins broadly membranous. Utricle as 
long as the glume, 2-convex, oblong or broadly ovate; beak short, with 
serrate wings, obliquely 2-dentate; nerves strong. Stigmas 2. — Boott, 111. 
Carex, t. 121, 122 ; C. collata, Boott, in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 447. 
Var. 0. secta. — C.secta, Boott, 1. c. 283. Spike more lax slender and drooping. Utricle 
faintly nerved. — Boott, 111. Carex, t. 123, 124. 
Northern and Middle Islands : Var. a and 0, common in marshes and bogs, abundant, as 
far south as Otago, Colenso , Sinclair , etc. Var. 0 forms tufts of roots sometimes 1-G ft. 
high and 6-18 in. diam., like the stem of a Tree-Fern, Buchanan. 
8. C. appressa, Br. ; — FI. Antarct. i. 90. A large harsh species, of 
the same habit and with nearly the same characters as C. virgata, but the leaves 
are upwards of \ in. broad, the culms acutely 3-quetrous, very stout and sca- 
brid, the spike erect, more rigid, with shorter, stouter branches, and the 
utricles are plano-convex, with incurved margins and nerved faces. — Boott, 
111. Carex, t. 119, 120 ; FI. Tasm. ii. 99. 
Lord Auckland’s group and Campbell’s Island, abundant in woods near the sea, 
J. D. II. Also a most common Tasmanian and temperate Australian plant. This again I 
am inclined to regard as a form of C. virgata. 
9. C. Gaudichaudiana, Kunth. Culms leafy, tufted, 2 in.-2 ft. high, 
nearly smooth, rather slender. Leaves shorter than the culms, flat, rather 
soft. Spikelets 3-6, erect, £-f in. long, ovoid or cylindric, purple, shortly 
peduncled or the lower long-peduncled, the lower female or with very few 
male flowers at the top ; bracts long, leafy. Glumes oblong or lanceolate- 
oblong, obtuse or rounded at the tip, dark-purple with green margin and 
