Car ex.] 
XI. CYPERACE.E. 
315 
Leaves much longer than the culms, very narrow, yj-jV in. broad, rigid, flat or 
keeled. Spikelets 4-8, distant, erect, cylindric, 4~li in. long ; upper male, 
more sessile, slender ; lower male at the base only. Glumes ovate, acute obtuse 
or emarginate, cuspidate or shortly awned, pale-purple, shining ; keel and 
margins pale. Utricle as long as the glume, ovate or elliptic, 2-convex, 
faintly nerved ; margin scabrid or smooth, purple ; beak short, minutely 2- 
deutate. Stigmas 2, rarely 3. — Boott, 111. Carex, t. 173. 
Northern Island : frequent in grassy places, Banks and Solander, etc. Middle Island : 
Upper Wairau, Sinclair, Travers ; Dunedin, Lindsay. 
15. C. pumila, Thuuberg ; — C. littorea, Labill. FI. Nov. Holl. ii. t. 219 ; 
FI. N. Z. i. 284. A harsh, short, rigid, very leafy species, 8-16 in. high ; 
rhizomes stout, running in sand. Culms very short, stout. Leaves much 
longer than the culms, flexuous, rigid, ^ in. diam., keeled”, grooved, scabrid. 
Spikelets 4 or 5, hidden amongst the leaves, close together, short, i-l-g- in. 
long, stout, erect, sessile or peduncled, upper male, slender ; bracts very 
long, leafy. Glumes small, ovate, obtuse, acute or cuspidate, pale-brown ; 
margins white, membranous. Utricle much larger than the glume, large, £ 
in. long, turgid, ovate, not nerved, smooth, pale-brown, opaque ; beak short, 
2-cuspidate. Stigmas 3. 
Northern and Middle Islands : on sandv shores abundant. Banks and Solander, ttc. ; 
as far south as Port. Preservation, Lyall. A native of Australia, Tasmania, and Japan. 
16. C. Forster!, Wahlenberg , — FI. N. Z. i. 285. A rather flaccid, 
grassy, pale-green species. Culms 6-24 in. high, very leafy, slender or 
stout, sl’ghtly scabrid. Leaves flaccid and grassy, longer than the culms, 
i — \ in. diam., flat, not keeled, rather scabrid. Spikelets 3-8, very variable 
in size, £-4-| in. long, distant or close together, cylindric, pale, 1-3 upper male, 
the rest all female or with male flowers above or below, sessile or shortly pedun- 
cled, erect or nodding ; bracts very long and leafy. Glumes very numerous, 
linear or lanceolate, cuspidate or shortly awned, membranous, pale red-brown, 
margins and nerve white. Utricle much larger than the glume, spreading, 
stipitate, elliptic-lanceolate, compressed, strongly nerved ; beak long, 2-fur- 
cate. Stigmas 3. — Boott, 111. Carex, t. 137 ; C. debilis, Forst. ; C.recurva, 
Schkuhr ; C. punctulata, A. Hick. Flora, t. 22. 
Var. /3. minor. Spikelets 3, J-l in. long, sessile, crowded. Glumes often minute, subu- 
late, and long-awned. 
Var. 7 . fascicularis. — C. fascicularis, Solander; PI. N. Z. i. 283. Leaves \~l in. broad. 
Spikelets with male flowers below. — Boott, III. Carex, i. t. 139,140; C. pseudocyperus, 
Br. ; Forst. not Linn. 
Northern and Middle Islands : all varieties abundant in moist woods, etc., Banks and 
Solander, etc. Also common in Southern Australia and Tasmania. Very closely allied to 
indeed to the northern C. pseudocyperus. 
17. C. cataracts, Br. A rather small, flaccid, leafy, pale green spe- 
cies. Culms 6-10 in. high, stout, 3-gonous, grooved, smooth. Leaves much 
longer than the culms, flat, not keeled, striate, -jL— in. broad. Spikelets 
6-8, very short, sessile or peduncled, erect, crowded, very pale green, | in. 
long, stout, 3 upper male, lower female, or male at the top only. Glumes 
few, small, ovate, acute or obtuse, white, membranous. Utricle much larger 
than the glumes, spreading or deflexed, oval, turgid, green, strongly nerved ; 
beak 2-cuspidate. Stigmas 3. — FI. Tasm. t. 151 B. 
