XII. GRAMINE/E. 
819 
ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. 
(THIC NON-INDIGENOUS GENERA ARE IN ITALICS.) 
* Spikelets with 1 fertile terminal flower, with or without a male or imperfect flower 
below it (Panicese). 
1. Oryzese. Flowering glumes hardening, and enclosing the grain. Empty glumes 4 or 
5, unequal, laterally compressed, lower smaller. — 1, Ehrharta; 2, Microlaina. 
2. Phalarideae. Flowering glume and pale hardening, and enclosing the grain. Empty 
glumes 2, equal, laterally compressed, keeled, longer than the flowering. — 3, Alopecurus, 
Phalaris ; 4, FIierochloe, Phteum, Antlioxanthum, Phalaris. 
3. Faniceae. Flowering glume and pale hardening, and enclosing the grain. Empty 
glumes 2-4, outer smaller, often dorsally compressed. — 5, Spinifex ; 6, Paspalum; 7, 
PaNICUH ; 8, ISACHNE. 
4. Andropoeronese. Flowering glume small, thin, transparent, or 0. — 9, Zoysia, 
Anthistiria, Andropogon, Apluda. 
** Spikelets with 1 or more perfect flowers ; the male or imperfect flowers, if present, 
above the perfect ones, the axis or rachis often ending in a point or bristle. 
5. Agrostideae. Spikelets 1 -flowered. Flowering glume awnless or with a simple awn. 
Grain free. — 10, Echinopogon ; 11, Dichelachne ; 12, Apera; 13, Spokobolus ; 14, 
Agrostis. 
6. Stipaceae. Spikelets 1 -flowered. Flowering glume firm, with a simple or 3-cleft 
awn jointed on to its tip, closely enveloping the grain. — Aristida. 
7. Arundineae. Spikelets usually 2- or more-flowered, rachis with long silky hairs. 
Glumes all membranous, free. — 15, Arundo. 
8. Chloridese. Spikelets 1- or several flowered, sessile on the linear branches of a panicle 
or on a simple spike. — Cynodon, Eleusine. 
9. Avenaceae. Spikelets 2- or more flowered. Flowering glumes on a slender rachis, 
usually shorter than the empty ones, membranous, shining, split at the top with an inter- 
mediate awn that is oftent wisted at the base (rarely awnless). — 16, Danthonia, Holcus ; 
17, Deschampsia; 18, Kceleria; 19, Trisettjm, Arena. 
10. Festueaceae. Spikelets usually 4- or more flowered. Flowering glumes usually 
longer than the empty ones, on a flexuous rachis. — 20, Glyceria; 21, Catabrosa; 22, 
Poa ; 23, Festuca ; 24, Bromus. 
11. Hordeaceae. Spikelets 1- or more flowered (spiked), sessile on opposite sides of a 
simple rachis, solitary or 2 or 3 together, the glumes standing right and left to the axis of 
the spike. — 25, Triticum ; 26, Gymnostichum, Hordeum, Lolium. 
1. EHRHARTA, Thunberg. 
Culms brandling. Leaves flat or concave, not involute. Spikelets pani- 
cled, 1-flowered. — Glumes 5, keeled, compressed, 4 lower empty, acuminate, 
flowering one terminal, obtuse. Pale linear. Scales 2-lobed. Stamens 2-6. 
Ovary sessile. Grain free within the hardened glumes. 
An Australian, South African, and New Zealand genns. 
1. 3B. Colensoi, Boole, f. FI. N. Z. i. 288. t. 65 A. Tufted, glabrous, 
4-8 in. high. Leaves suberect, distichous, 2-4 in. long, contracted at the 
sheath, -f in. broad, linear-subulate, scaberulous above, smooth below; nerves 
faint ; ligule short, ragged. Panicle 1^-2 in. long, inclined. Spikelets on 
slender pedicels, compressed, linear-oblong, } in. long. Glumes deeply striate 
or nerved ; lower pair empty, acuminate; 2 following almost awned with silky 
hairs at the base ; flowering shorter. Pale small, narrow, with 2 nerves, 
and a small bristle at its outer base. Stamens 2 ; anthers short. 
Northern Island : forming large tufts on the tops of the Rnahine mountains, Colenso. 
