Festuca.~\ 
XII. GRAMINEA!. 
341 
1. F. littoralis, Br. ; — Schenodorus littoralis , Palisot ; — FI. N. Z. i. 310. 
A tall, rigid, perennial, densely tufted, perfectly smooth, much, branched, polished 
grass. Culms 2-3 ft. high, leafy. Leaves erect, involute, terete, pungent, 
longer or shorter than the culm ; ligule very short or 0. Panicle 3-10 in. 
long, slender, rarely pale ; branches short, erect. Spikelets broad, turgid, 
4-7 -flowered, |-f in. long, longer than the glumes. Empty glumes acumi- 
nate, glabrous ; flowering ones longer, pubescent, 5-nerved, naked or webbed 
at the base, keeled, acute, obtuse or 3-toothed at the tip. — Poa littoralis, 
Labill. FI. Nov. Holl. i. 22. t. 27 ; Arundo triodioides, Trinius. 
Northern Island: abundant on rocks near the sea, Banks and Solander, etc.; East 
Cape, on sandhills, Colenso. Also a native of Tasmania and Australia. 
2. F. scoparia, Hook.f. FI. Antarct. i. 98 ; FI. N. Z. i. 308. Densely 
tufted, 6-24 in. high, smaller than F. littoralis in all its parts, perfectly gla- 
brous, polished, and shining. Leaves filiform, rigid, longer or shorter than 
the culm. Panicle l~2 in. long, ovoid or narrow-elongate and few-flowered ; 
branches short, erect. Spikelets flattened, i— §• in. long. Empty glumes 
acuminate, shorter than the flowering, which are much webbed at the base, 
acuminate at the tip. 
Northern Island : Auckland, Sinclair. Middle Island : Port William, Lyall. Lord 
Auckland’s group and Campbell’s Island : common in rocky places near the sea, J. I). H. 
I suspect that the Kerguelen’s Land Poa ( Triodia ) kerguelensis is a starved form of this. 
3. F. duriuscula, Linn.; — FI. N. Z. i. 309. Very slender, densely 
tufted, glabrous. Culms 1-3 ft. high, leafy at the base chiefly. Leaves 
slender, involute, filiform or short and setaceous. Panicle 1-6 in. long, 
effuse or contracted; branches capillary, often flexuous, lower 2- or 3-nate. 
Spikelets few, 4-8-flowered, in. long. Empty glumes unequal, acute ; 
flowering ones naked at the base, narrow-lanceolate, remote, scabrid, acumi- 
nate, terminating in a short, stiff awn.. 
Northern Island : in mountainous districts, Hawke’s Bay, Wairarapa valley, Cape 
Turnagain, etc., Colenso. Middle Island: abundant on the Alps, Irom Nelson to Otago, 
ascending to 4000 ft. A most common European grass, forming much of the mountain 
pasture; also found in Tasmania, Fuegia, and almost all temperate mountainous regions. 
F. bromoides, Linn. ; — Ft. N. Z. i. 309, is certainly an introduced plant, and nowhere 
native; it may be recognized by its annual, extremely slender culms, 4-8 in. high, setaceous, 
involute, erect leaves, racemed or almost spiked spikelets, with 3-10 flowers; empty glumes 
very unequal, flowering ones ending in long slender awns. A most abundant European grass, 
introduced into all temperate parts of the southern hemisphere. 
24. BROMUS, Linn. 
Annual or perennial grasses. Leaves usually flat. — Spikelets panicled or 
racemed, many-flowered. Empty glumes 2, concave, convex at the back, not 
awned, rigid ; flowering ones lanceolate, convex at the back, 2-fid, awned from 
between the lobes, not twisted, often recurved. — Pale 2-nerved; nerves cili- 
ated. Scales 2, entire. Stamens 3. Ovary hairy at the top; styles gene- 
rally distinct. Grain free, top hairy. 
A very large genus found in all temperate countries. 
1. B. arenarius, Lab. ; — FI. N. Z. i. 310. Annual, densely pubescent 
