422 
IV. MUSCI. 
[. Distichium . 
19. DISTICHIUM, Br. and Schimp. 
Stems tufted, erect, flexuose, beset with radicles, with shoots under each 
inflorescence. Leaves glossy, distichous or 3-ranked, with imbricate sheath- 
ing bases, setaceous, flexuose ; nerve broad. Capsule erect or inclined, with 
a short tapering base; annulus of 2 rows of cells, spirally uncoiling; teeth 16, 
inserted below the orifice, free to the base, equidistant, linear or lanceolate, 
transversely barred, with the middle line entire perforated or cleft. Operculum 
conical, beaked. Calyptra cucullate. 
A small genus of alpine European mosses. 
1. D. capillaceum, Br. and Sell. Stems forming dense and wide- 
spreading tufts, 1-4 in. high. Leaves setaceous from a lanceolate sheathing 
base, quite entire. Capsule erect, ovoid-oblong or subcylindric ; teeth narrow 
with distant articulations, irregularly 2-cleft. — Wils. Brvol. Brit. 104. t. 20 
(not FI. N. Z. ii. 78, which is Tricliostomum australe). 
Middle Island : Southern Alps, Sinclair and Haasl. (Europe, Asia, N. Africa, N. Ame- 
rica.) 
20. CEKATODOH, Bridel. 
Short, tufted, dioecious mosses, growing on earth, burnt wood* etc., 
foliage of Trichcstomum. Fruitstalk terminal, very slender. Capsule sub- 
erect, narrow-oblong, curved, thick-walled, furrowed, angular when dry; 
teeth 1 6, lanceolate, split nearly to the base ; joints prominent, distant in the 
upper part, close below, conniving when moist, spirally incurved when dry ; 
annulus double, revolute. Operculum conical, beaked. Calyptra cucullate. 
A small genus, some of the species of which are excessively widely distributed. 
1. C. purpureus, Bridel; — FI. N. Z. i. 178. Stems densely tufted, 
short, dichotomously branched. Leaves dull green, spreading, oblong-lan- 
ceolate, keeled, papillose on the back ; margins recurved, somewhat twisted 
when dry ; nerve strong, excurrent ; perichaetial larger, sheathing, acuminate. 
Fruitstalk purple. Capsule suberect, oblong, slightly incurved, striate, nearly 
horizontal when dry ; teeth combined at the base, 2-fid, edges pale ; oper- 
culum conic.— Wils. Bryol. Brit. 84. t. 20. 
Abundant throughout the islands, as far south as Campbell’s Island. (One of the com- 
monest mosses in the world.) 
21. ENCALYPTA, Schreber. 
Short, densely tufted, green, monoecious or dioecious mosses, growing on 
stones, walls, and earth. Fruitstalk terminal. Capsule erect, cylindric ; 
annulus single or 0 ; peristome 0 or simple or double; outer of 16 subulate 
teeth ; inner a thin membrane produced into slender cilise. Operculum with a 
long beak. Calyptra large, campanulate, mitriform, much exceeding the 
capsule, tip subulate. 
A considerable north temperate genus, rare in the tropics and southern hemispheres. 
1. E. australis. Mitten in FI. Tasman, ii. 182. Stems loosely tufted, 
