Toly trichum. ] 
IV. MUSCI. 
453 
A large and remarkable genus, of usually rigid, brown or lurid-green mosses, often large, 
sometimes gigantic ; found in both temperate and tropical climates, but far most abundantly 
in the former, reaching the Arctic circle. 
A. Calyptra nearly glabrous. 
I. Atrichum, Palisot. Stem simple. Nerve of (toothed) leaf 
narrow. Capsule terete ; operculum with a long beak . . 1. P . angustatum. 
II. Oxigotrichum, DC. Stem simple. Nerve of (entire) leaf 
broad. Capsule ovoid or oblong ; operculum long . . . 2 . P. tenuirostre. 
III. Psilopilum, Bridel. Stem simple. Nerve of leaf grooved 
or lamellate. Capsule terete ; operculum small. 
Leaves spreading, toothed. Teeth 32 3. P. crispulum. 
Leaves suberect, quite entire. Teeth 16 4. P. australe. 
IV. Por.YTRicHADELPHUS, C. Muell. ( Cyphoma , Hook. f. and 
Wils.) Stem simple or dichotomous. Capsule horizontal, 
flat above, concave below 5. P. Mogellanicum. 
V. Phaxackoha, Hook. f. and Wils. Stem tall, fastigiously 
branched, dendroid. Capsule short, terete. 
Stem 4-10 in. high. Leaves linear, from an ovate base . . 6. P. dendroides. 
Stem 2-4 in. high, scaly. Leaves lanceolate-subulate . . . 1 . P. squamosum. 
B. Calyptra clothed with matted hairs. 
VI. PogOjStatum , Palisot. Stem simple or branched above. Capsule 
terete or nearly so. Apophysis 0. 
Stem 1-2 in. Operculum shortly beaked 8. P. tortile. 
Stem 2-4 in. Operculum with a long beak 9. P. alpinum. 
VII. Eupolytrichuh, C. Muell. Stem simple or dichotomous. 
Capsule angled, apophysate. 
Capsule 4-angular. Leaves quite entire 10. P. juniperinum. 
Capsule 4-augular. Leaves serrate ; perichsetial distinct . . 11. P. commune. 
Capsule 4-6-angular. Leaves serrate ; perichadial 0 . . . 12. P. graci/e. 
1. P. angustatum. Hook. Muse. Fxot. t. 50 ; — FI. N. Z. ii. 94. Stems 
slender, 2 in. high. Leaves spreading when dry, waved and crisped, narrow- 
lanceolate, doubly spinulose-serrate above ; nerve slender, sparingly lamellate. 
Fruitstalks in. long or more, 1-3 together. Capsule cylindric, slightly 
curved, brown ; operculum with a long, slender, inclined beak. Calyptra 
slender, spinulose at the apex. Inflorescence dioecious. — Atrichum ligulatum, 
Mitten in tvew Journ. Bot. 1856, 262. 
Northern and Middle Islands : shaded woods, Huiarau, Colenso ; Otago, by creeks, 
Hector and Buchanan. (Europe and N. America, Tasmania.) Closely allied to the Euro- 
pean P. undulatum. Mitten distinguishes the southern species as Atrichum ligulatum , dis- 
tinguishing it by the leaves broader towards the apices, not involute when dry, and with 
wider thickened margins. 
2. P. tenuirostre, Menz.; — Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 75 ; — El. N. Z. ii. 94. 
Stems rigid, short, \ in. high. Leaves spreading, incurved when dry, lower 
ovate-lanceolate, upper oblong-lanceolate, subacute, quite entire, concave ; 
nerve slender, continuous ; lamellae indistinct. Fruitstalk 1-3 in. long, stiff, 
glossy. Capsule ovate-oblong, suberect, elliptic ; operculum with a slender 
beak, as long or longer than the capsule. Calyptra not seen. 
Middle Island : Dusky Bay, Menzies, Lyall. 
3. P. crispulum, Hook.f. and Wils. El. N. Z. ii. 95. t. 87./. 3. Stems 
1 in. high. Leaves rather flaccid and spreading, crisped when dry, oblong- 
lanceolate, subacute, toothed, deeply grooved above the middle ; nerve broad. 
