Frullania.'] 
v. HEPATIC.®. 
585 
distichous, iucubous, convex, quite entire, with a simple or rarely double 
lobule at or near the base, which is erect or appressed, club-shaped lunate 
trumpet-shaped or inflated. Stipules sometimes rooting at the base, usually 
2-fid. Inflorescence dioecious. Fruit terminal on proper branches. Invo- 
lucral leaves 2 or 3, not auricled. Perianth ovoid or obovoid, terete or 3-4- 
angled ; mouth contracted, tubular. Calyptra pyriform, persistent, bursting 
below the apex. Capsule on a very short fruitstalk, globose, 4-cleft halfway ; 
elaters adhering to the valves, truncate, with 1 spiral fibre ; spores large, 
irregular. Antheridia in the saccate bases of closely imbricate 2-lobed 
perigonial leaves. Pistillidia 2 or 4 in each perianth. 
A very large genus, growing on rocks, bark of trees, etc. ; a few species are European, 
but most are southern. 
§ 1. Lobule lunate or Icidney-sliaped, rarely hemispherical , usually longer than broad , 
more or less parallel to the curvature of the leaf. 
* Lobules 2. Stipules quite entire . 
1. F. cornigera, Mitten in FI. N. Z. ii. 163. t. 104./. 8. Stems 1-2 
in. long, pinnate. Leaves olive-brown, opaque, suborbicular, with hyaline 
margins ; lobules 2, brown, tubular, decurved. Stipules transversely oblong, 
quite entire. 
Northern and Middle Islands : Bay of Islands, J. D. H. ; Port Cooper, Lyall. 
** Lobule solitary. Base of the leaf inflexed. Stipules 2-fd. 
2. F. patula, Mitten in Ft. N. Z. ii. 159. 1. 104./. 1. Stem 1 in. long, 
pinnate. Leaves olive-brown, loosely imbricate, flattish, orbicular ; ventral 
base broadly inflexed ; lobule small, brown, reniform ; involucral elongate, 
ovate, obtuse, ventricose below and sheathing the perianth. Stipules orbicular- 
cordate, very large, shortly 2-fid. Perianth small, quite smooth. 
Northern Island: Tarawera, on dead bark, Manawata river, on fences, etc., Colenso. 
3. F. squarrosula, Roo/c. f. and Tayl. FI. N. Z. ii. 160. t. 103./. 6. 
Stems 1 in. long, 2-pinnate. Leaves olive-green or almost black, patent and 
recurved, squarrose, ovate, rounded at the apex ; dorsal margin often white ; 
ventral sinuate in the middle ; lobule small, on the incurved margin of the 
leaf kidney-shaped or hooded, brown ; involucral with an ovate acute lobule. 
Stipules orbicular-ovate, 2-fid. Perianth oblong-ovate, obtuse, smooth at the 
back, convex and obscurely 2-keeled above ; ventral face with one keel. — 
Syn. Hep. 412. 
Northern Island: probably common, Bay of Islands, on Lichen and rocks, J. D. IT. ; 
Port Nicholson and Titiokura, etc., Colenso ; Wellington, Stephenson. 
4. F. pycnantha, Hook. f. and Tayl. Ft. N. Z. ii. 160. Very similar 
to F. squarrosula, but the perianth is covered with minute foliaceous scales, 
the stipules keeled down the middle, with subrecurved margins, the involucral 
stipule and leaves more cut. — Syn. Hep. 411. 
Northern and Middle Islands : probably common, on Lichens, etc., from the Bay of 
Islands, J. JD. II., to Thomson’s Sound, Lyall. 
5. F. scandens, Mont. Voy. an Pole Sud, 227. t. 19,/. 2 ; — PI. Ant- 
arct. 165. Stem 1^- in. long; branches pinnate, very short. Leaves pale 
