556 
VII. LICHENES. 
Family IX. Parmeliaceae. Thallus coriaceous or membranous. Apothecia discoid, 
fixed by the centre. 
17- Sticta ; 18. Ricasolia ; 19. Parmelia. (See Platysma in Family XIII.) 
Family X. Collematese. Thallus when moist more or less gelatinous. Apothecia 
discoid, fixed by the centre. 
2. COLLEMA ; 3. LePTOGIUM. 
Family XI. Peltigerese. Thallus membranous. Apothecia adnate by their whole sur- 
face to the upper or under surface of the lobes of the frond, border 0 or very thin. 
15. Nephroma ; 16. Peltigera. 
/8. Thallus fixed by a central point, coriaceous. 
Family XII. Umbilicariese. 
20. Umbilicaria. 
y. Thallus erect, pendent or ascending, rarely foliaceous or horizontally spreading ; upper 
and under surfaces similar. 
Family XIII. Ramalinese. Thallus compressed or flat, sometimes foliaceous, usually 
compressed and laciniate, rarely inflated, or flsfu/ar. Apothecia discoid, with a thickened 
thalline border. 
12. Alectoria ; 13. Ramalina; 14. Platysma. 
Family XIV. Usnese. Thallus terete, shrubby, erect or pendulous, with a central core 
or thread. Apothecia discoid, ciliated, with a very thin border or 0. 
11. Usnea. 
Family XV. Coruiculariese. Thallus terete or compressed, without a central thread , 
cottony or flstu/ose within. Apothecia discoid. 
Has no New Zealand representative hitherto discovered. 
Family XVI. Sphaerophoreae. Thallus erect or suberect, shrubby, terete or com- 
pressed, solid within. Apothecia convex or subglobose, sunk in extremities of branches. 
5. Sph.erophoron ; 8. Sterkocaulon ; 9. Akgopsis. 
1. Lichina, ranked by Fee as an Alga, is referable here artificially. 
Family XVII. Cladonieae. Thallus of erect, fistulose podetia, often dilated into cups, 
with or without a horizontal scaly portion. Apothecia hemispherical, without a border. 
7. Cladonia; 10. Thamnolia. 
1. LICHINA, Agardli. 
Thallus dark -brown, shrubby, rigid, containing beneath the cortical layer 
numerous naked blueish granules. Apothecia terminal, contained in globose 
receptacles, discoid with a thalline border ; spores ellipsoid, simple. 
A small genus of small Lichens, a good deal resembling Alga, and found on littoral rocks. 
1. L. pygmsea, Ag. Thallus about in. high, tufted, branched, com- 
pressed above. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 91. Var. (3. intermedia, Bab. in FI. 
N. Z. ii. 311. t. 128 C. Thallus £ in. high; branchlets slender, flattened. 
Middle Island : Otago harbour. Var. R. on rocks, Lyall. (Europe.) 
2. COLLEMA, Acliarius. 
Thallus of various forms, cartilaginous or gelatinous, dull green or brown, 
with no distinct cortical stratum, traversed by simple tubular threads and 
